Ibikoresho by'ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora: Gufungura igihe gishya cy'ubuhinzi bunoze

Mu gihe cyo kuvugurura ubuhinzi, imbaraga za siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga zihora zivugurura uburyo gakondo bwo guhinga. Kuri ubu, hari uburyo bushya bwo gupima ubutaka bufite ubushobozi bwo gukora, bufite inyungu zidasanzwe mu bya tekiniki bwazanye impinduka zidasanzwe ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi, kandi buhoro buhoro bugenda buba iburyo bw'abahinzi benshi mu kongera umusaruro no kongera amafaranga no kugera ku iterambere rirambye.
?
Kubona ibintu neza, bituma umusaruro uzamuka
Mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi bw’ibinyampeke muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abahinzi basuzumaga imiterere y’ubutaka bakurikije ubunararibonye, ​​kandi ibisubizo byo gutera byaravanzwe. Nyuma yo gutangiza ibikoresho by’ubutaka bipima ubutaka, ibintu byarahindutse burundu. Ibi bikoresho bipima ubutaka bikoresha ihame ryo kugenzura ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, umunyu, pH n’ibindi bimenyetso by’ingenzi mu gihe nyacyo kandi neza cyane. Urugero, mu gace gahingwamo ibigori, ibyo bikoresho bipima ubushuhe bwinshi bw’ubutaka, kandi abahinzi bahita bahindura ingamba zo kuhira bakurikije ibitekerezo byabo, bongera imbaraga zo gusukura, kandi bakagabanya gukumira umunyu ku mikurire y’ibigori. Mu gihe cy’isarura, umusaruro w’ibigori muri ako gace wari hejuru ya 28% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize, kandi ibinyampeke byari byuzuye kandi bifite ubuziranenge. Uyu musaruro utangaje ugaragaza neza ubushobozi budasanzwe bw’ibikoresho by’ubutaka bipima ubutaka mu kuyobora neza ihingwa no gukoresha umusaruro mwinshi w’ubutaka.
?
Guteza imbere umutungo kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'umusaruro
Kugenzura ikiguzi ni ingenzi mu mikorere y'ubuhinzi. Mu murima w'imboga muri Kamboje, nyir'ubutaka yababajwe n'igiciro kinini cyo kuhira no gufumbira. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka bukoresha ubushobozi bwabyo byabaye ingenzi mu gukemura ikibazo. Gukurikirana neza ubushuhe bw'ubutaka hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bituma kuhira bitazongera kuba impumyi. Iyo ubushuhe bw'ubutaka buri munsi y'umubare w'ibikenewe mu buhinzi, uburyo bwo kuhira butangira neza kandi bugahindura ingano y'amazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge hashingiwe ku makuru ajyanye n'ibikoresho, birinda gusesagura umutungo w'amazi. Ku bijyanye no gufumbira, amakuru ajyanye n'intungamubiri z'ubutaka yatanzwe n'ibikoresho byafashije abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire uko babyifuzaga, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire ku kigero cya 22%. Muri ubu buryo, mu gihe byagabanyaga ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, pariki ifite umusaruro uhamye w'imboga n'ubwiza bwiza, kandi yabonye inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu.
?
Iterambere ry’ibidukikije rigamije guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Mu gihe habayeho ikibazo gikomeye cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, iterambere rirambye ry’ubuhinzi riri hafi. Mu gace kamwe k’imbuto muri Ositaraliya, ikirere gikunze kugaragara cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire y’ibiti by’imbuto. Ibikoresho by’ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gupima bigira uruhare runini hano. Mu bihe by’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’amapfa, ibyo bikoresho bikurikirana impinduka mu bushyuhe bw’ubutaka mu gihe nyacyo, kandi abahinzi bongera amazi ku biti by’imbuto mu gihe cyabyo, bigabanura neza ingaruka z’amapfa. Nyuma y’imvura nyinshi n’imyuzure, ibyo bikoresho bihita bisubiza pH y’ubutaka n’impinduka z’umwuka uturuka mu kirere, kandi abahinzi bafata ingamba zo kunoza imiterere y’imizi y’ibiti by’imbuto. Bifashijwemo n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, umusaruro w’imbuto mu gace gahingwamo ukomeza kuba mwiza mu gihe cy’ikirere gikabije, mu gihe bigabanya umwanda uterwa no kuhira no gufumbira mu buryo butari bwo, kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi kandi rirambye.
?
Impuguke mu buhinzi muri rusange zizera ko ibikoresho bipima ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu biri kugeza ubuhinzi mu gihe gishya cyo gutera neza, bifite uburyo bwo gukurikirana neza, ingaruka zikomeye ku kugabanya ikiguzi, kandi bigashyigikira iterambere rirambye. Bitewe no guteza imbere no gukoresha iri koranabuhanga cyane, byitezwe ko bizanoza mu buryo bwuzuye imikorere n'ireme ry'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, bikabyara inyungu nyinshi ku bahinzi, kandi bikarengera ibidukikije mu buhinzi. Bikekwa ko mu gihe cya vuba aha, ibikoresho bipima ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bizaba ari ngombwa cyane mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi, bigafasha inganda z'ubuhinzi kugera ku ntambwe nshya.