Ibyuma bipima ubutaka bifite ubushobozi ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupima ubushuhe bw'ubutaka bugezweho (ubusanzwe buba mu bwoko bwa frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR)). Ihame ry'ingenzi ni ukubona mu buryo butaziguye ubushuhe bw'ubutaka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa dielectric constant. Kubera ko dielectric constant y'amazi (hafi 80) ari hejuru cyane y'ibindi bice biri mu butaka (hafi 1 ku mwuka na hafi 3-5 ku butaka), impinduka muri rusange ku buryo dielectric constant y'ubutaka iterwa ahanini n'ubushuhe.
Ibi bikurikira ni byo biranga by'ingenzi:
I. Ingufu n'Ibyiza by'Ingenzi
1. Igiciro gito kandi byoroshye gukurura abantu
Ugereranyije n’ibikoresho byo gusuzuma igihe (TDR) bifite ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bike kandi bifite ikiguzi gito cyo kubitunganya, ibyo bigatuma bikoreshwa cyane mu bihe bisaba ko bishyirwa ku rwego runini, nko mu buhinzi bugezweho no kuhira mu busitani.
2. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke cyane
Udukoresho two gupima ubushobozi ubwatwo dufite ingufu nke cyane kandi turakwiriye cyane mu kugenzura ikirere igihe kirekire no gukoresha interineti y'ibintu hakoreshejwe bateri n'imirasire y'izuba. Dushobora gukora buri gihe mu gihe cy'amezi cyangwa imyaka.
3. Ishobora gukurikiranwa buri gihe igihe kirekire
Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo kumisha busaba gukoreshwa n'intoki, ibikoresho bipima ubushobozi bishobora gutwikirwa mu butaka kugira ngo bikore ikusanyamakuru ritagenzurwa, rihoraho kandi ryikora ku buryo bwikora, kandi bishobora gufata inzira y'impinduka z'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, nk'ingaruka z'imvura, kuhira no guhumeka.
4. Ingano nto kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho
Ubusanzwe ibikoresho byo gupima bikozwe nk'ibikoresho byo gupima. Gucukura umwobo aho upimye hanyuma ushyiremo ibikoresho byo gupima mu butaka uhagaze, bitangiza imiterere y'ubutaka.
5. Gutuza neza kandi nta maraso
Bitandukanye na metero za neutron, sensor zipima ubushobozi ntizikoresha amasoko y’imirasire, zifite umutekano wo kuzikoresha, kandi ntizisaba uburenganzira cyangwa uburinzi bwihariye.
6. Ifite ubwenge kandi ihujwe
Biroroshye cyane guhuza n'abakusanya amakuru n'ibikoresho byo kohereza amakuru bidafite insinga (nka 4G/LoRa/NB-IoT) kugira ngo habeho umuyoboro wuzuye wo kugenzura ubushuhe bw'ubutaka. Abakoresha bashobora kureba amakuru mu buryo bwihuse binyuze kuri telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa.
Ii. Inzitizi n'imbogamizi
Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo buterwa n'ibintu byinshi
Ingaruka ku miterere y'ubutaka: Imiterere y'ubutaka bw'ibumba, ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ubw'umusenyi iratandukanye. Ibikoresho bipima ubunini bikoreshwa n'umusenyi n'ubutaka bisanzwe iyo biva mu ruganda. Gukoresha ubutaka bw'imiterere itandukanye bizatera amakosa.
Ingaruka ku buryo amashanyarazi yo mu butaka atwara (umunyu): Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera amakosa ku byuma bipima ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi. Iyoni z'umunyu mu butaka zishobora kubangamira amashanyarazi, bigatuma agaciro kapimwe kaba hejuru. Mu butaka bufite umunyu, ubuziranenge bwo gupima buzagabanuka cyane.
Ingaruka ku butaka butoshye n'ibyinjira mu butaka: Niba icyuma gipima ubutaka gihuye cyane n'ubutaka kandi niba hari imyenge minini cyangwa amabuye mu butaka, byose bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibipimo.
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe: Ubudahinduka bw'amashanyarazi buhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe bifite ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe byihariye, ariko ingaruka z'uburyo bwo kwishyura ni nke.
2. Gusuzuma aho hantu birakenewe
Kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo bipima neza cyane, cyane cyane mu bwoko runaka bw'ubutaka, ubusanzwe hakenewe gupima aho ubutaka buherereye. Ni ukuvuga ko ingero z'ubutaka zikusanywa, ubushuhe nyabwo bupimirwa hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bwo kumisha, hanyuma bugagereranywa n'ibipimo bya sensor kugira ngo hashyirweho ikigereranyo cyo gupima aho hantu. Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri kw'amakuru, ariko nanone byongera ikiguzi cyo gukoresha n'urugero rwa tekiniki.
3. Ingano y'ibipimo ni iyo mu gace runaka
Ingano yo gupima ya sensor igarukira ku bunini bw'ubutaka bukikije probe (ni ukuvuga "agace gafite ubukana" bwa sensor). Ubusanzwe aka gace ni gato cyane (santimetero nke za kibe), bityo ibisubizo byo gupima bigaragaza amakuru y' "ingingo". Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka mu murima wose, hagomba gushyirwaho ingingo nyinshi.
4. Gutuza no kunyura mu nzira igihe kirekire
Iyo icyuma cy’icyuma gipfundikiye mu butaka igihe kirekire, gishobora gusaza bitewe n’ingufu ziterwa n’amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikorwa bya chimique, bigatuma ibipimo bihinduka. Hakenewe igenzura rihoraho no kongera gupima.
Iii. Ibintu Bikwiriye Gukurikiranwa n'Ibyifuzo byo Guhitamo
Ibihe bikwiye cyane
Ubuhinzi bw'ubwenge no kuhira neza: Gukurikirana imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, kuyobora igihe cyo kuhira n'ingano y'amazi yo kuhira, kugera ku kubungabunga amazi no kongera umusaruro.
Gutunganya ibidukikije no kubungabunga ikibuga cya golf: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuhira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwikora.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi: Ubushakashatsi mu nzego nka ecology, hydrology, na meteorology busaba gukurikirana ubushuhe bw'ubutaka igihe kirekire kandi gihoraho.
Ubuhanuzi bw'ibiza bya geologiya hakiri kare: Genzura ubushuhe bw'ubutaka ku nkengero no ku nkengero z'umuhanda kugira ngo umenyeshe ingaruka z'inkangu.
Ibintu bisaba kwitonda:
Mu turere dufite umunyu mwinshi n'ubutaka bufite alkali nyinshi: Keretse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye kandi bugenzuwe, icyizere cy'amakuru kiba kiri hasi.
Mu bihe by’impamyabumenyi y’ikirere hamwe n’ibisabwa byinshi cyane kugira ngo habeho ukuri nyako: Muri iki gihe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gutekereza ku byuma bihenze cyane bya TDR cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kumisha.
Mu magambo make, ibikoresho by’ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ni amahitamo "ahendutse". Nubwo bishobora kudatanga agaciro nyako ku rwego rwa laboratwari, bishobora kugaragaza neza imiterere y’impinduka n’imiterere y’ubushuhe bw’ubutaka kuva ku butaka bwumye kugeza ku butose. Ku byemezo byinshi by’umusaruro n’imicungire, ibi bifite akamaro kanini. Gusobanukirwa neza imiterere yabyo no gukora akazi keza mu kubigenzura ni byo byingenzi mu kubikoresha neza.
Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubutaka, nyamuneka hamagara Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2025