PFAs ni iki? Byose ukeneye kumenya
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Ositaraliya ishobora gukaza amategeko ajyanye n'urugero rwemewe rw'imiti y'ingenzi ya PFAS mu mazi yo kunywa, ikagabanya ingano y'imiti yitwa ihoraho yemerewe kuri litiro imwe.
Inama y'Igihugu y'Ubushakashatsi ku Buzima n'Ubuvuzi yasohoye kuwa Mbere umushinga w'amabwiriza avugurura imipaka y'ibinyabutabire bine bya PFAS mu mazi yo kunywa.
PFAS (ibintu bya per- na polyfluoroalkyl), ubwoko bw'ibintu ibihumbi byinshi, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "imiti ihoraho" kuko iguma mu bidukikije igihe kirekire kandi iragoye kuyirimbura kurusha ibintu nk'isukari cyangwa poroteyine. PFAS ihura nabyo mu buryo bwinshi kandi ntigarukira gusa ku mazi yo kunywa.
Iyandikishe kuri imeri y'amakuru agezweho ya Guardian Australia
Umushinga w’amabwiriza wagaragaje inama ku birebana n’ibipimo bya PFAS mu kunywa amazi mu buzima bwose bw’umuntu.
Muri gahunda y’umushinga, ntarengwa ya PFOA – ikintu cyakoreshejwe mu gukora Teflon – yagabanuka kuva kuri 560 ng/L ikagera kuri 200 ng/L, hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by’ingaruka zabyo zitera kanseri.
Hashingiwe ku mpungenge nshya ku ngaruka z’umusemburo w’amagufwa, imbibi za PFOS – mbere zari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu irinda ry’imyenda rya Scotchgard – zagabanywa kuva kuri 70 ng/L zikagera kuri 4 ng/L.
Mu Ukuboza umwaka ushize, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Kanseri cyashyize PFOA mu cyiciro kimwe n’icyorezo cya kanseri ku bantu - mu cyiciro kimwe no kunywa inzoga n’ihumana ry’ikirere cyo hanze - na PFOS mu cyiciro "gishobora kuba" gitera kanseri.
Amabwiriza kandi atanga imipaka mishya ku bintu bibiri bya PFAS bishingiye ku bimenyetso by’ingaruka za tiroyide, 30ng/L kuri PFHxS na 1000 ng/L kuri PFBS. PFBS yakoreshejwe nk'inyongera ya PFOS muri Scotchgard kuva mu 2023.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa NHMRC, Porofeseri Steve Wesselingh, yavuze mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru ko izo mbibi nshya zashyizweho hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byavuye mu bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa. Yagize ati: “Kuri ubu ntabwo twemera ko hari ubushakashatsi ku bantu bufite ireme rihagije bwo kutuyobora mu guteza imbere iyi mibare.”
Umupaka wa PFOS wateganijwe uzaba ujyanye n'amabwiriza ya Amerika, mu gihe umupaka wa PFOA wo muri Ositaraliya uzaba ukiri hejuru.
Wesseleigh yagize ati: “Ntabwo bitangaje ko amahame ngenderwaho atandukana bitewe n’igihugu ku kindi ku isi hashingiwe ku buryo butandukanye n’intego zakoreshejwe.”
Amerika igamije ko nta ngano y’ibintu bitera kanseri itera kanseri itera kanseri, mu gihe abashinzwe kugenzura ibintu muri Ositaraliya bafata uburyo bwo “gukoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya umubare w’ibinyabutabire”.
Wesseleigh yagize ati: “Nitugera munsi y’icyo kigero cy’umubare, twizera ko nta ngaruka z’uko icyo kintu cyatera ikibazo cyagaragaye, byaba ibibazo bya tiroyide, ibibazo by’umusemburo w’amagufwa cyangwa kanseri.”
NHMRC yatekereje gushyiraho umupaka w’amazi yo kunywa ya PFAS ariko yasanze bidashoboka bitewe n’umubare w’imiti ya PFAS. Dr David Cunliffe, umujyanama mukuru w’ishami ry’ubuzima muri Afurika y’Epfo yagize ati: “Hari umubare munini cyane wa PFAS, kandi nta makuru y’uburozi dufite kuri benshi muri bo.” “Twafashe iyi nzira yo gukora amahame ngenderwaho ku giti cyabo kuri PFAS aho hari amakuru aboneka.”
Ubuyobozi bwa PFAS buhuriweho na guverinoma y’igihugu n’intara n’uturere, bigenzura itangwa ry’amazi.
Dr Daniel Deere, umujyanama mu by'amazi n'ubuzima muri Water Futures, yavuze ko Abanya-Ositaraliya badafite impamvu yo guhangayikishwa na PFAS mu mazi rusange keretse babimenyeshejwe by'umwihariko. Yagize ati: “Dufite amahirwe muri Ositaraliya kuko nta mazi menshi dufite yibasiwe na PFAS, kandi ugomba guhangayikishwa gusa iyo ubuyobozi buguhaye inama.”
Mu itangazo rya Deere, keretse iyo bisabwe ukundi, “nta kamaro ko gukoresha andi masoko y’amazi, nk’amazi yo mu macupa, uburyo bwo gusukura amazi mu ngo, ibyuma biyungurura amazi byo mu mazi, ibigega by’amazi y’imvura cyangwa imiyoboro y’amazi yo mu gace.”
“Abanya-Ositaraliya bashobora gukomeza kugira icyizere cy’uko amabwiriza agenga amazi yo kunywa muri Ositaraliya akubiyemo siyansi igezweho kandi ikomeye cyane kugira ngo ishyigikire umutekano w’amazi yo kunywa,” nk’uko byatangajwe na Porofeseri Stuart Khan, umuyobozi w’Ishuri ry’Ubwubatsi muri Kaminuza ya Sydney, mu itangazo rye.
NHMRC yashyize imbere isuzuma ry’amabwiriza ya Ositaraliya kuri PFAS mu mazi yo kunywa mu mpera za 2022. Ayo mabwiriza ntiyari yavugururwa kuva mu 2018.
Umushinga w'amabwiriza uzakomeza gukoreshwa kugira ngo abaturage baganireho kugeza ku ya 22 Ugushyingo.
Mu by’ukuri, dushobora gukoresha ibikoresho bipima ubuziranenge bw’amazi kugira ngo tumenye ubuziranenge bw’amazi, dushobora gutanga ibikoresho bitandukanye bipima ibipimo bitandukanye mu mazi kugira ngo ubyiteho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2024