Isuzuma ry'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'ihindagurika ry'amazi mu kigega cya Gilgel Gibe I, mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Omo-Gibe, muri Etiyopiya

Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mazi yo mu kigega kuko byongera ubushyuhe n'ibyuka. Ubu bushakashatsi bwatanze amakuru asobanutse kandi arambuye ku ngaruka zo guhindura ubushyuhe ku mazi yo mu kigega. Intego nyamukuru y'ubu bushakashatsi kwari ukureba ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bw'amazi yo mu kigega no guhumeka. Kugira ngo hamenyekane izi ngaruka, ingero zakuwe mu kigega zishyirwa mu byiciro mu buryo butunguranye mu nzira y'ikigega. Kugira ngo hasuzumwe isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi no gupima ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe bw'amazi, ibigega icumi byaracukuwe, maze byuzuzwa amazi y'umukungugu. Amasafuriya abiri yo mu rwego rwa A yashyizwe mu murima kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku ibyuka ry'ikigega. Amakuru yasesenguwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya SPSS na MS Excel. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bufite isano itaziguye kandi ikomeye n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi saa tatu na saa kumi n'eshatu n'isano ikomeye saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba, kandi ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwagabanutse kuva hejuru kugera hasi. Habayeho ibura ry'izuba ryinshi mu mazi menshi y'umukungugu. Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'amazi hagati y'ibice byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi ryari 9.78°C na 1.53°C ku mazi menshi ndetse n'amazi make cyane saa sita z'ijoro (13h00) z'isuzuma, uko bikurikirana. Ubushyuhe bufite isano itaziguye kandi ikomeye n'ihumana ry'ibigega. Ibisubizo byagenzuwe byari ingenzi mu mibare. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe bw'ibigega byongera cyane ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'ibigega ndetse n'ihumana ry'amazi.

1. Intangiriro
Bitewe n’uko hari uduce twinshi tw’amazi duhagaze, amazi aba nk’umukungugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imirasire y’urumuri ishobora gukwirakwira no kwinjira mu mazi aho kuyanyuramo mu buryo butaziguye. Kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere iteye nabi ku isi, igaragaza ubuso bw’ubutaka igatera isuri y’ubutaka, ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bidukikije. Amazi, cyane cyane ibigega by’amazi, byubatswe ku giciro kinini kandi bikaba ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’ibihugu, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri iyi mpinduka. Hari isano ikomeye hagati y’umukungugu n’ubwinshi bw’amazi ahagaze, kandi hari isano ikomeye hagati y’umukungugu n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi.

Dukurikije ubushakashatsi butandukanye, ibikorwa byo kwagura no kongera ingufu z'ubutaka no kubaka ibikorwa remezo byongera impinduka mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere, imirasire y'izuba, imvura, n'amazi aturuka ku butaka kandi bikongera isuri n'amazi yo mu bigega. Ubwiza n'ubwiza bw'amazi yo ku butaka akoreshwa mu gutanga amazi, kuhira, no kuvomerera amazi bigira ingaruka kuri ibi bikorwa n'ibikorwa. Mu kugenzura no kugenzura igikorwa n'ibintu bibitera, kubaka inyubako, cyangwa gutanga uburyo butari ubw'imiterere bugenga aho ubutaka bwakuwe buva mu mazi yo hejuru, birashoboka kugabanya umwanda wo mu bigega.

Bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'uduce duto duto mu kwinjiza no gukwirakwiza imirasire y'izuba iyo igeze ku buso bw'amazi, ubushyuhe bw'amazi butuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi akikije amazi buzamuka. Ingufu z'izuba uduce duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto dusohorwa mu mazi kandi zikongera ubushyuhe bw'amazi yegereye ubuso. Mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'uduce duto duto no gukuraho plankton ituma ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongera, ubushyuhe bw'amazi ato bushobora kugabanuka. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi butandukanye, ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi byombi bigabanuka ku murongo muremure w'amazi yo mu kigega. Turbidimeter ni cyo gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubushyuhe bw'amazi buterwa n'ubwinshi bw'ibice bito bito.

Hari uburyo butatu buzwi cyane bwo gushushanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi. Ubu buryo bwose uko ari butatu ni ubujyanye n'ibarurishamibare, ubushingiye ku kintu runaka, n'ubushingiye ku kintu kimwe kandi bufite imbogamizi zabwo n'amakuru akoreshwa mu gusesengura ubushyuhe bw'amazi atandukanye. Bitewe n'uko amakuru aboneka, ubu bushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe mu gusesengura ubushyuhe bw'amazi haba mu buryo bwa parametric na nonparametric.

Kubera ubuso bwabyo bunini, amazi menshi ahinduka umwuka uturutse mu biyaga n'ibigega by'ubukorano kurusha andi mazi karemano. Ibi bibaho iyo hari molekile nyinshi zigenda zitandukana n'amazi zigasohoka mu kirere nk'umwuka kurusha molekile zisubira mu mazi ziva mu kirere zigafatwa n'amazi.