Bitewe n’imiterere yihariye y’ubutaka bwayo (ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikirere cyumye), imiterere y’ubukungu (inganda ziganjemo peteroli), n’izamuka ry’imijyi ryihuta, ibikoresho bipima gazi bigira uruhare runini muri Arabiya Sawudite mu nzego nyinshi, harimo umutekano w’inganda, kugenzura ibidukikije, ubuzima rusange, n’iterambere ry’imijyi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga.
1. Inzego z'ingenzi zikoreshwa
(1) Inganda za peteroli na gaze
Nk’imwe mu nganda nini ku isi zikora peteroli, Arabiya Sawudite yishingikiriza cyane ku bikoresho bipima gazi mu gucukura, gutunganya no gutwara:
- Gutahura imyuka ishobora gushya (methane, propane, nibindi) - Birinda guturika guterwa no kuva amazi cyangwa guturika.
- Gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya (H₂S, CO, SO₂) – Birinda abakozi kwangirika mu buryo bushobora kwica (urugero, uburozi bwa hydrogen sulfide).
- Gukurikirana VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) - Bigabanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije rituruka ku bikorwa bya peteroli.
(2) Gukurikirana ibidukikije no gucunga ubuziranenge bw'umwuka
Imijyi imwe n'imwe yo muri Arabiya Sawudite ihura n'ivumbi ryinshi n'imyanda ihumanya inganda, bigatuma ibikoresho bipima gazi biba ingenzi kuri:
- Gukurikirana PM2.5/PM10 na gaze iteje akaga (NO₂, O₃, CO) - Ibimenyesha mu buryo nyabwo ubuziranenge bw'ikirere mu mijyi nka Riyadh na Jeddah.
- Gutahura uduce tw'umukungugu mu gihe cy'imvura y'umucanga - Imiburo hakiri kare kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago by'ubuzima rusange.
(3) Imijyi Igezweho n'Umutekano w'Inyubako
Munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa Arabiya SawuditeIcyerekezo 2030, ibikoresho bipima gazi bishyigikira ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga:
- Inyubako zigezweho (amaduka manini, amahoteli, metros) – Gukurikirana CO₂ kugira ngo hamenyekane niba HVAC ikora neza kandi hamenyekane niba imyuka iva mu kirere (urugero: ibikoni, ibyumba byo kuriramo amazi).
- NEOM n'imishinga y'umujyi w'ejo hazaza - IoT-igenzura ry'ibidukikije mu buryo bwihuse.
(4) Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima rusange
- Ibitaro na laboratwari - Ikurikirana O₂, imyuka itera ububabare (urugero, N₂O), n'imiti yica udukoko (urugero, ozone O₃) kugira ngo ihuzwe n'umutekano.
- Nyuma ya COVID-19 - Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa CO₂ bipima ubushobozi bwo guhumeka neza kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwandura virusi.
(5) Umutekano w'ubwikorezi n'imiyoboro y'amazi
- Imihanda yo mu muhanda n'aho imodoka zihagarara munsi y'ubutaka - Ikurikirana urugero rwa CO/NO₂ kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyotsi ihumanya ibinyabiziga yiyongera.
- Ibigega by'ibyambu n'ibikoresho - Bipima amazi asohoka muri firigo (urugero: ammonia NH₃) mu bubiko bukonje.
2. Imirimo y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho bipima gazi
- Gukumira impanuka - Gutahura mu buryo butunguranye imyuka iturika/uburozi bitera amatangazo cyangwa kuzimya mu buryo bwikora.
- Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko – Bifasha inganda kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije (urugero, ISO 14001).
- Gukoresha neza ingufu - Binoza uburyo bwo guhumeka mu nyubako zigezweho, bigabanya imyanda y'ingufu.
- Gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru – Gukurikirana igihe kirekire bishyigikira isesengura ry’inkomoko y’imyanda ihumanya ikirere na politiki y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
3. Ibisabwa n'imbogamizi zihariye muri Arabiya Sawudite
- Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi – Ibirere by’ubutayu bisaba ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bihangana na dogere selisiyusi >50 n’umukungugu.
- Icyemezo cy’uko ibintu bidakwirakwira – Ibikoresho bya peteroli/gaze bisaba ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bya ATEX/IECEx.
- Ibikenewe bike mu kubungabunga - Ahantu hatandukanye (urugero, ahantu hakorerwa peteroli) hakenera ibikoresho biramba kandi biramba.
- Politiki zo gushyira mu bikorwa aho umuntu atuye –Icyerekezo 2030guteza imbere ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu ku bacuruzi b'abanyamahanga.
4. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupima gazi n'udusanduku dusanzwe
| Ubwoko bwa sensor | Imyuka yo mu bwoko bwa Target | Porogaramu |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi | CO, H₂S, SO₂ | Inganda zitunganya peteroli, inganda z'amazi yanduye |
| NDIR (Infrared) | CO₂, CH₄ | Inyubako zigezweho, amazu y'ibiraro |
| Semiconductor | VOC, inzoga | Gupima amazi aturuka mu nganda |
| Gukwirakwiza hakoreshejwe laser | PM2.5, umukungugu | Sitasiyo z'ikirere zikora neza mu mijyi |
5. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza
- Integration ya IoT - 5G ituma amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo bwihuse ku mbuga nkuru.
- Isesengura rya AI - Gutegura ibikorwa byo kubungabunga (urugero, uburyo bwo kuburira mbere y'uko amazi asohoka).
- Ihindagurika ry’ingufu zihumanya ikirere – Izamuka ry’ubukungu bwa Hydrogen (H₂) rizatuma abantu bakenera gupima amazi ya H₂.
Umwanzuro
Muri Arabiya Sawudite, ibikoresho byo gupima gazi ni ingenzi cyane mu mutekano w'inganda, kurengera ibidukikije, no mu bikorwa by'imijyi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga.Icyerekezo 2030iterambere, ikoreshwa ryabyo mu ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa no guhindura ikoranabuhanga rizakwirakwira, bishyigikire iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubwami.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2025