Nyuma yo gushakisha amakuru y’igiporutugali muri Berezile, imbuga za interineti zitanga ibikoresho by’ikirere, na raporo z’inganda, nta ngingo n'imwe yiswe “Amakuru y’imanza ku Berezile yakoresheje ikoreshwa ry’icyuma cy’imvura Gauges”. Ariko, muguhuza amakuru aboneka, ibisobanuro bikurikira bikurikira hamwe nibisabwa birashobora gutangwa, bitanga ishusho irambuye yimiterere nyayo kuruta raporo imwe yamakuru:
Incamake Yokoresha Ikwirakwizwa Ryuma Ryuma Indobo Imvura Gauges muri Berezile
Muri Berezile, ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byerekana indobo ni igikoresho cy’ibanze kandi gikomeye mu miyoboro ikurikirana hydrologiya, sitasiyo y’ikirere, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukumira imyuzure, ikoreshwa mu gihugu hose. Agaciro kayo kingenzi ni ugukomera, koroshya kubungabunga, no gutanga amakuru yizewe, bigatuma bikwiranye cyane nubutaka bunini bwa Berezile hamwe nikirere kigoye.
1. Ibice byingenzi byo gusaba hamwe nurubanza
1.1 Kuburira Umwuzure no gucunga umutungo wamazi (Urubanza rwibanze)
- Ibigo: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amazi n’isuku (Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico - ANA), ibigo bya Leta bishinzwe ibidukikije, n’ishami rishinzwe kurengera umutekano.
- Ibisobanuro: Umwuzure ni impanuka ikomeye yibasiye ikibaya cya Amazone, ikibaya cy’uruzi rwa São Francisco, hamwe n’umujyi utuwe cyane mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba (nka São Paulo na Rio de Janeiro). ANA n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo bohereje ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya sitasiyo ya hydrologiya mu gihugu hose, aho ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byerekana indobo imvura ni ikintu gisanzwe. Izi sitasiyo zikurikirana ubukana bwimvura no kwegeranya mugihe nyacyo, kohereza amakuru ukoresheje satelite cyangwa imiyoboro ya selile muri sisitemu nkuru. Aya makuru ni ingenzi mu gutanga imburi z’umwuzure no gucunga ikigega n’ibikorwa by’irembo.
- Kuberiki Hitamo Indobo Yicyuma?
- Kurwanya Ruswa: Umunyu mwinshi mwinshi mwikirere cyinyanja hamwe nimvura ishobora kuba acide mubice bimwe byimbere mugihugu bituma ibyuma bidafite ingese nibyiza byo kurwanya ruswa no kwagura igihe cyibikoresho.
- Kwivanga guke: Uburyo bworoshye bwo gutobora indobo ntibikunze kurangira kuzimya imyanda isanzwe nk'amababi cyangwa udukoko duto, bigabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga.
- Kwizerwa: Igikorwa cyubukanishi gitwara imbaraga nke cyane, bigatuma gikora ahantu hakurikiranwa kure hifashishijwe ingufu zizuba.
1.2 Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi no guhinga neza
- Abakoresha: Imirima minini, amakoperative yubuhinzi, ibigo byubushakashatsi (urugero, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi muri Berezile - EMBRAPA).
- Ibisobanuro: Nkimbaraga zubuhinzi, imicungire yo kuhira imyaka nka soya, ibigori, nibisheke bishingiye cyane kumibare yimvura. Imirima myinshi igezweho ishyiraho ikirere gito kubutaka bwabo, ikoresheje ibipimo by'imvura idafite ibyuma kugirango bapime imvura yihariye. Aya makuru afasha abahinzi kumenya niba n’amazi yo kuhira, bityo kubungabunga amazi, guhitamo umusaruro, no kugabanya ibiciro.
1.3 Igenamigambi ryimijyi nubushakashatsi bwikirere
- Abakoresha: Amashami yimijyi mumijyi minini, kaminuza, nibigo byubushakashatsi.
- Ibisobanuro: Gukemura imyuzure ikunze kuba mu mijyi iterwa n’imvura yaguye mu gihe gito mu mijyi nka São Paulo, abashakashatsi n’ubuyobozi bw’amakomine bohereza imiyoboro ihanitse y’imvura y’imvura (harimo n’ibipimo by’imvura idafite ibyuma). Ibi bifasha gusesengura ibiranga spatiotemporal biranga imvura yo mumijyi, gusuzuma ubushobozi bwamazi, no kumenyesha igenamigambi ryibikorwa remezo.
2. Kwishyira hamwe ninshingano yabatanga
Burezili ifite ibicuruzwa byinshi bizwi mu gihugu ndetse nabatanga ibikoresho byubumenyi bwikirere na hydrologiya, nka Instrutherm na MeteoSim. Izi sosiyete zisanzwe zikora kandi zigurisha ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byerekana indobo yimvura nkibice byingenzi bigize ikirere cyacyo cyikora cyangwa ibiti byandika byamazi. Ibi byerekana ko ibipimo byinshi by'imvura bikoreshwa muri Berezile bikozwe cyangwa bigahuzwa mugace, bigatanga isoko ihamye hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki.
3. Umwanzuro
Mugihe nta “rubanza rumwe” ruriho, biragaragara ko:
Icyuma gipima indobo imvura muri Berezile ntabwo ari "umushinga w'icyitegererezo" ahubwo ni ikintu gikuze, kinini gikoreshwa mu bikorwa remezo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bukubiye mu muyoboro w’amazi w’amazi, inganda zigezweho mu buhinzi, hamwe na gahunda yo gukurikirana ikirere mu mijyi. Urufunguzo rwo gukoresha neza ni uko igishushanyo cyacyo gihuza cyane n’ibibazo Brezili ihura nabyo - ifasi nini, ikirere gitandukanye, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
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