Nyuma yo gushakisha amakuru yo muri Porutugali muri Brezili, imbuga za interineti z’abatanga ibikoresho by’ikirere, ndetse na raporo z’inganda, nta nkuru n’imwe yitwa “Amakuru ku ikoreshwa rya Brezili ry’ibyuma bitagira umugese bipima imvura mu isanduku” yabonetse. Ariko, mu guhuza amakuru ahari, hashobora gutangwa incamake ikurikira isobanutse neza n’imiterere y’ikoreshwa, itanga ishusho yuzuye y’uko ibintu bimeze kurusha uko inkuru imwe ishobora kubivuga:
Incamake y'ikoreshwa ryagutse ry'ibipimo by'imvura mu byuma bitagira icyuma muri Brezili
Muri Brezili, icyuma gipima imvura gikozwe mu cyuma kidashonga ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi kandi cy’ingenzi mu miyoboro y’amazi, aho ikirere giherereye, no mu buryo bwo kuburira abantu ku myuzure, gikwirakwizwa hirya no hino mu gihugu. Akamaro kacyo k’ingenzi ni ukuba gikomeye, cyoroshye kubungabunga, no gutanga amakuru yizewe, bigatuma kiba kibereye cyane imiterere ya Brezili n’imiterere y’ikirere igoye.
1. Ahantu hakuru hakoreshwa isuzuma n'imiterere y'urubanza
1.1 Gutanga amakuru ku myuzure no gucunga umutungo w'amazi (Urugero rw'ingenzi)
- Ibigo: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amazi n’isuku (Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico - ANA), ibigo bya Leta bishinzwe ibidukikije, n’ishami rishinzwe kurengera umutekano.
- Ibisobanuro by'Urugero: Imyuzure ni ibiza bikomeye mu kibaya cya Amazon, mu kibaya cy'Uruzi rwa São Francisco, no mu mijyi ituwe cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba (nka São Paulo na Rio de Janeiro). ANA n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo bashyize hamwe ibihumbi bya sitasiyo z'amazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu hose, aho icyuma gipima imvura gikoresha icyuma kitagira umugese ari igice gisanzwe. Izi sitasiyo zigenzura ubukana bw'imvura n'ubwiyongere bwayo mu gihe nyacyo, zohereza amakuru binyuze kuri satelite cyangwa imiyoboro ya telefoni ku buryo buhuriweho. Aya makuru ni ingenzi mu gutanga uburinzi bw'imyuzure no gucunga ibikorwa by'ibigega n'amarembo.
- Kuki wahitamo indobo yo gushyiramo icyuma gifunga?
- Ubudahangarwa ku byangiritse: Umunyu mwinshi mu kirere cyo ku nkombe n'imvura ishobora kugwa muri bimwe mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu bituma icyuma kidashonga neza kiba cyiza mu kurwanya ingese no kongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'igikoresho.
- Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupfunyika indobo ntibushobora gufunga burundu imyanda isanzwe nk'amababi cyangwa udukoko duto, bigagabanya inshuro zo kuyibungabunga.
- Kwizerwa: Ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nke cyane, bigatuma riba ryiza cyane ku mbuga zigenzura zikoresha ingufu z'izuba.
1.2 Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi n'ubuhinzi bugezweho
- Abakoresha: Amasambu manini, amakoperative y'ubuhinzi, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi (urugero, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhinzi cya Brezili - EMBRAPA).
- Ibisobanuro by'Urugero: Nk'ikigo gikomeye mu buhinzi, gucunga kuhira imyaka nka soya, ibigori n'ibisheke bishingiye cyane ku makuru nyayo y'imvura. Ubuhinzi bwinshi bwa none bushyiraho ahantu hato ho gupima ikirere ku butaka bwabo, bukoresha ibyuma bipima imvura mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo bipime imvura igwa mu murima. Aya makuru afasha abahinzi gufata icyemezo niba bagomba kuhira n'ingano, bityo bakabungabunga amazi, bakanoza umusaruro, kandi bakagabanya ikiguzi.
1.3 Igenamigambi ry'Imijyi n'Ubushakashatsi ku Mihindagurikire y'Imvura
- Abakoresha: Ishami ry'Umujyi mu mijyi minini, za kaminuza n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi.
- Ibisobanuro by'Urugero: Kugira ngo hakemurwe imyuzure ikunze kubaho mu mijyi iterwa n'imvura nyinshi mu gihe gito mu mijyi nka São Paulo, abashakashatsi n'abayobozi b'umujyi bakoresha imiyoboro myinshi y'ahantu hagwa imvura hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (harimo n'ibyuma bipima imvura). Ibi bifasha gusesengura imiterere y'imvura mu mijyi, gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, no gutanga amakuru ku igenamigambi ry'ibikorwa remezo by'imijyi.
2. Gushyira mu mwanya w'aho ibicuruzwa biherereye n'uruhare rw'abatanga serivisi
Muri Brezili hari inganda nyinshi zizwi cyane zo mu gihugu ndetse n’abatanga ibikoresho by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’amazi, nka Instrutherm na MeteoSim. Izi sosiyete zisanzwe zikora kandi zigurisha ibikoresho by’imvura bya “stainless steel tipping bucket” nk’ibice by’ingenzi by’ibigega byazo by’iteganyagihe cyangwa amakuru y’amazi. Ibi bigaragaza ko ibikoresho byinshi by’imvura bikoreshwa muri Brezili bikorwa cyangwa bigashyirwa hamwe mu gihugu, bigatuma habaho gutanga serivisi zihamye n’ubufasha mu bya tekiniki.
3. Umwanzuro
Nubwo nta "rubanza rumwe rw'amakuru" rubaho, biragaragara ko:
Igipimo cy'imvura gipima icyuma kidashonga muri Brezili si "umushinga w'igerageza" mushya ahubwo ni igice cy'ibikorwa remezo bikuze kandi bikoreshwa ku rwego runini. Inyigo zacyo zikubiye mu miyoboro y'amazi y'igihugu, ibigo by'ubuhinzi bigezweho, na sisitemu zo kugenzura ikirere mu mijyi. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kuyikoresha neza ni uko igishushanyo mbonera cyayo gihuye cyane n'ibibazo Brezili ihura na byo—ubutaka bunini, ikirere gitandukanye, n'imiterere y'ibidukikije ikemutse.
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Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 25 Nzeri 2025