Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ripima gazi muri Afurika y'Epfo mu gukemura ibibazo by'ibidukikije n'umutekano

Incamake

Nk'igihugu cyateye imbere cyane muri Afurika, Afurika y'Epfo ihura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka n'umutekano bikomoka ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda, n'iterambere ry'imijyi. Ikoranabuhanga rya "gas sensor", nk'igikoresho cyo kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse kandi bufatika, rikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi z'ingenzi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Iyi nyigo yibanda ku ikoreshwa rya "gas sensors" mu mutekano w'ibirombe, kugenzura ihumana ry'ikirere mu mijyi, kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda, no mu mazu agezweho, isesengura ingaruka zabyo ku kunoza umutekano, kunoza ibidukikije, n'inyungu z'ubukungu.

1. Ingero z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Imiterere yihariye y'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo n'imibereho myiza bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bipima gaze:

1. Gukurikirana umutekano w'ibirombe

• Incamake: Inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni inkingi y'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo ariko kandi ni urwego rufite ibyago byinshi. Ibikorwa byo munsi y'ubutaka bishobora kwirundanyaho imyuka y'uburozi n'iy'umuriro (urugero: methane (CH₄), monoxide ya karubone (CO), sulfide ya hydrogen (H₂S)), biganisha ku kubura umwuka, guturika no kubura uburozi.
• Porogaramu:
  • Ibyuma bipima gazi bidahinduka kandi bitwarwa ni itegeko mu birombe byose biri munsi y'ubutaka.
  • Abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro bambara ibikoresho byabo bya gaze nyinshi kugira ngo barebe aho babakikije mu gihe nyacyo.
  • Ibyuma bito bito bishyirwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu tunnels z’ingenzi no mu maso hakorerwamo kugira ngo bikomeze kugenzura ubucucike bwa CH₄ na CO2, byohereze amakuru mu gihe nyacyo ku bigo bigenzura ubuso.
• Ubwoko bw'ibipimo byakoreshejwe: Gutwika hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (imyuka ishobora gushya), amashanyarazi (imyuka y'uburozi), ibipimo bya infrared (CH₄, CO₂).

2. Gukurikirana Ubwiza bw'Umucyo mu Mijyi

• Incamake: Imijyi minini nka Johannesburg na Pretoria, ndetse n'uturere tw'inganda twinshi nka "Carbon Valley" mu Ntara ya Mpumalanga, ihura n'ihumana ry'ikirere igihe kirekire. Imyuka ihumanya ikirere irimo dioxyde de sulfur (SO₂), dioxyde de azote (NO₂), ozone (O₃), n'udukoko (PM2.5, PM10).
• Porogaramu:
  • Imiyoboro ya Guverinoma: Guverinoma ya Afurika y'Epfo yashyizeho umuyoboro w'igihugu ugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka ugizwe n'ibiro bihoraho bigenzura mu mijyi myinshi. Izi sitasiyo zifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura gazi neza cyane n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibintu bidafite ishingiro kugira ngo bigenzure iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ndetse n'ibiburira ubuzima rusange ku buzima bw'abaturage.
  • Igenzura ry’Isuku ku rwego rw’abaturage: Mu mijyi nka Cape Town na Durban, imiryango ikorera mu baturage yatangiye gukoresha utumashini duhendutse two gupima gazi kugira ngo twuzuze icyuho kiri mu muyoboro wemewe wo kugenzura no kubona amakuru y’ihumana ry’isuku ku rwego rw’abaturage.
• Ubwoko bw'ibipimo byakoreshejwe: Ibipimo bya metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), ibipimo bya electrochemical, ibipimo bya optique (laser scattering).

3. Kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'uburyo ikorwamo

• Incamake: Afurika y'Epfo ifite inganda nini zitanga ingufu zishyuha, inganda zitunganya ibinyabutabire, inganda zikora imiti, n'inganda zikora ibyuma, ari na zo soko nyamukuru y'imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda.
• Porogaramu:
  • Sisitemu zo Gukurikirana Imyuka Ihumanya (CEMS): Ibyemewe n'amategeko, inganda nini zishyira CEMS ku byuma bicukura imyotsi, zigashyiramo uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere kugira ngo zikomeze gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere nka SO₂, NOx, CO₂ na CO₂, zigakurikirana amahame y’igihugu agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
  • Umutekano n'Uburyo bwo Kunoza Imikorere: Mu mikorere ya shimi no gutunganya, ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu kumenya aho imyuka itwika n'uburozi biva mu miyoboro no mu byuma bitanga ibisubizo, bigamije umutekano w'ibikoresho. Binoza kandi uburyo bwo gutwika, bikongera imikorere myiza ya lisansi, kandi bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikoreshwa.
• Ubwoko bw'ibipimo byakoreshejwe: Isuzuma rya Ultraviolet/infrared (kuri CEMS), ikoreshwa rya catalytic combustion na electrochemical sensors (kugira ngo hamenyekane aho amazi aturuka).

4. Umutekano mu Mazu no mu Bucuruzi (Amazu y'Ubwenge)

• Incamake: Mu mijyi, gaze ya peteroli ikoreshwa mu guteka (LPG) ni lisansi ikunze gutekwa, kandi kuyikoresha nabi bishobora gutuma habaho amazi n'ibisasu bitwikwa. Byongeye kandi, CO iterwa n'inkongi ni "ikintu cyica" bucece.
• Porogaramu:
  • Umubare munini w’ingo ziciriritse n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi (urugero: resitora, amahoteli) birimo gushyiraho imburira zikoresha gaze igezweho n’imburira zikoresha monoxide ya karubone.
  • Ibi bikoresho ubusanzwe bifite ibyuma byubatswemo oxide y'icyuma (MOS) cyangwa senseri za electrochemical. Iyo ingano ya LPG cyangwa CO irenze urugero rwiza, bihita bitera intabaza y'amajwi n'amashusho ifite decibel nyinshi. Bimwe mu bikoresho bigezweho bishobora no kohereza amatangazo kuri telefoni z'abakoresha binyuze kuri Wi-Fi kugira ngo bamenyeshe abantu bari kure.
• Ubwoko bw'ibipimo byakoreshejwe: Ibipimo bya sensateri bya metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) (kuri LPG), ibipimo bya electrochemical (kuri CO).

2. Ingufu zo Gukoresha

Gukoresha cyane ibikoresho bipima gazi byatanze inyungu zikomeye mu turere twinshi muri Afurika y'Epfo:

1. Umutekano wo ku kazi wongerewe cyane

• Ingufu: Mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho bipima gazi byahindutse ikoranabuhanga rirokora ubuzima. Gukurikirana mu buryo bufatika no kuburira hakiri kare byagabanyije cyane ingaruka z'iturika ry'imyuka ishobora gutwika n'uburozi bwinshi mu birombe. Iyo ubwinshi bw'imyuka bwegereje urwego ruteje akaga, sisitemu zihita zikoresha ibikoresho byo guhumeka cyangwa zigatanga amabwiriza yo kuva mu birombe, bigatuma abacukuzi babona igihe cyo gutoroka.

2. Inkunga y'amakuru ku micungire y'ibidukikije

• Ingufu: Urusobe rw'ibikoresho by'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka mu gihugu hose rutanga amakuru menshi ahoraho ku bidukikije. Aya makuru ni ishingiro rya siyansi kuri leta mu gushyiraho no gusuzuma politiki zo kugenzura ihumana ry'ikirere (urugero, amahame ngenderwaho y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere). Muri icyo gihe, gusohora mu buryo bwihuse Ikigereranyo cy'Ubuziranenge bw'Umwuka (AQI) bifasha abantu batishoboye (urugero, abarwayi ba asima) gufata ingamba zo kwirinda iminsi yanduye, bigamije kurengera ubuzima bw'abaturage.

3. Koroshya iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko y'ikigo no gukoresha neza ikiguzi

• Ingufu: Ku bigo by’inganda, gushyiraho sisitemu zo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere bitanga uburenganzira ku mikorere, birinda amande menshi ku batubahiriza amategeko. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibyuma bipima imikorere mu kugenzura ibikorwa binoza imikorere, bigabanya imyanda y’ibikoresho fatizo, kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, bigagabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere mu buryo butaziguye.

4. Kongera ubumenyi bw'abaturage no kugira uruhare mu baturage

• Ingufu: Kugaragara kw'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw'ibanze bihendutse bituma abaturage basobanukirwa neza urwego rw'umwanda mu bidukikije, bigabanyiriza kwishingikiriza gusa ku makuru ya leta. Ibi byongera ubukangurambaga ku bidukikije kandi biha imbaraga abaturage zo gushyira igitutu kuri leta n'ibigo bihumanya ibidukikije hashingiwe ku bimenyetso, guteza imbere ubutabera ku bidukikije no gutuma habaho kugenzura kuva hasi kugera hejuru.

5. Kurinda ubuzima n'umutungo mu mazu

• Ingufu: Kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho byo mu ngo bikingira inkongi z'umuriro n'ibiturika byo mu ngo biterwa n'imyuka iva mu kirere, ndetse n'impanuka z'uburozi bwa CO mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'imbeho, bigaha abatuye mu mijyi umurongo wa nyuma w'ubwirinzi.

3. Ingorane n'ejo hazaza

Nubwo hari intambwe igaragara yagezweho, haracyari imbogamizi mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima gazi muri Afurika y'Epfo:

• Ikiguzi no Kubungabunga: Gutanga, gushyiraho no kugenzura buri gihe ibipimo by’amashanyarazi bifite ubuhanga buhanitse bisaba ikiguzi gikomeye gihoraho kuri leta no ku bigo by’ubucuruzi.
• Ubuziranenge bw'amakuru: Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihendutse bishobora kwibasirwa n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, rimwe na rimwe bigatera ibibazo ku bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'amakuru. Bigomba gukoreshwa hamwe n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura.
• Icyuho mu ikoranabuhanga: Uturere twa kure tw’icyaro tugorwa no kubona imiyoboro yizewe yo kugenzura.

Urebye imbere, iterambere rya interineti y’ibintu (IoT), ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI), n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bizatera umuyoboro wo kugenzura gaze muri Afurika y’Epfo kugera ku bumenyi bwinshi, ubucucike, no kugabanya ikiguzi. Ibikoresho bipima gaze bizahuzwa n’indege zitagira abapilote na satelite kugira ngo bikore umuyoboro wo kugenzura “ikirere-ubutaka”. Algoritime za AI zizatuma habaho gukurikirana neza aho umwanda uturuka n’amakuru ahanura, bitange inkunga ikomeye ku iterambere rirambye rya Afurika y’Epfo n’umutekano n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bayo.

Umwanzuro

Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima gazi, Afurika y'Epfo yageze ku musaruro utangaje mu mutekano w'ibirombe, kugenzura ibidukikije, kubahiriza amategeko y'inganda no kurinda ingo. Izi "nzuru z'ikoranabuhanga" ntizikora nk'abarinzi barinda ubuzima gusa, ahubwo zinakora nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza n'iterambere ryita ku bidukikije. Imikorere ya Afurika y'Epfo itanga urugero rwiza ku bindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bishaka gukoresha udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe.

Seriveri yuzuye na porogaramu zidafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kubona ibindi bipima gazi amakuru,

Nyamuneka hamagara Honde Technology Co., LTD.

Email: info@hondetech.com

Urubuga rwa interineti rw'ikigo:www.hondetechco.com

Terefone: +86-15210548582