Imiterere y'inganda za Arabiya Sawudite yiganjemo peteroli, gaze karemano, peteroli, imiti n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Izi nganda zifite ibyago bikomeye byo kuva kwa gaze ishobora gushya, guturika no kwangiza. Kubwibyo, ibyuma bipima gaze bidaturika biri mu bice by'ingenzi cyane mu buryo bw'umutekano w'inganda.
Inkomoko y'urubanza n'ibisabwa by'ingenzi
- Ibiranga Inganda: Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bya peteroli na gazi muri Arabiya Sawudite—kuva mu gucukura no gucukura kugeza mu gutwara no gutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli hagati mu mazi, ndetse no mu gukora peteroli mu mazi—bikubiyemo karubone (methane, propane, VOCs, nibindi) n'imyuka y'uburozi (Hydrogen Sulfide H₂S, Carbon Monoxide CO, nibindi).
- Ibisabwa ku bidukikije: Utu duce dukunze gushyirwa mu byiciro by’ahantu hashobora guturika. Ibikoresho byose by’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo kidaturika kugira ngo birinde ko ibikoresho biba isoko y’umuriro.
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Amabwiriza akaze y’umutekano atangwa n’Ikigo gishinzwe Ubuziranenge cya Arabiya Sawudite n’ibihangange by’igihugu nka Saudi Aramco (urugero, amahame ya SAES ya Aramco) ategeka gushyiraho uburyo bwemewe bwo gupima gazi mu bice byose biteje akaga.
Urugero rusanzwe: Sisitemu yo gupima gaze ihuriweho mu ruganda rwa Jazan rwa Aramco muri Saudi Aramco
1. Incamake y'umushinga:
- Aho iherereye: Umujyi w’Ubukungu wa Jazan, Arabiya Sawudite.
- Ikigo: Uruganda rwa Jazan Refinery ni ikigo kinini gihuriweho mu gutunganya, gukoresha peteroli, no gutanga amashanyarazi.
- Ikibazo: Iyi nyubako itunganya peteroli nyinshi irimo sulfure nyinshi, bivuze ko ishobora kuvamo amazi menshi ya H₂S. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rwose rufite umwuka mwinshi wa gaze ushobora gushya. Imiterere y’inkombe ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, n’umunyu mwinshi itera imbogamizi zikomeye ku kuramba kw’ibikoresho.
2. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya gaze bidaturika:
Mu nyubako nini nk'iyi, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidaturika bishyirwa ahantu hakomeye cyane amagana:
- Ifuru zo gufunga ipompo na kompreseri: Ibi bikoresho bizenguruka ni ahantu hakunze kuva imyunyungugu. Hashyizweho sensor zirinda guturika za Catalytic Bead cyangwa Infrared kugira ngo zigenzure imyuka itwika.
- Ahantu ho kubika ibintu (hafi y'aho umwuka usohoka n'aho upakira ibintu): Umwotsi ushobora kurekurwa mu gihe cyo kwimura ibicuruzwa cyangwa "guhumeka" bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe. Utwuma dutanga igenzura rihoraho hano.
- Ahantu hakorerwa imikorere (urugero: reactors, inkingi zo gutandukanya): Utwuma dupima gazi tudahinduka dushyirwa ku duhuzwa twa flanges na valve aho H₂S na gaze zishobora gushya bishobora kuba biri. Utwo tumashini dupima gazi akenshi tuba dufite icyemezo cya Intrinsic Safety (Ex i), bivuze ko tudashobora kurekura ingufu zihagije zo gutwika, nubwo twananirwa mu gihe dukoresha umuriro.
- Imiyoboro y'amazi mabi n'imiyoboro y'amazi: Iyi myanya ifunze ishobora gukusanya imyuka ishobora gushya (urugero, methane). Ibyuma bipima ikirere cyangwa ibisasu birwanya guturika bikoreshwa mu kugenzura.
- Uburyo umwuka winjira mu byumba byo kugenzura no mu byumba byo kwikinga: Utwuma duto dushyirwa mu byuma binjirira muri izi nyubako kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyuka ihumanya cyangwa ishobora gutwika yakwinjiramo, bityo bigatuma abakozi bakomeza kugira umutekano.
3. Ikoranabuhanga rya sensor n'ubwoko bw'ibisasu bidaturika:
- Amahame y'ikoranabuhanga:
- Imyuka Ishobora Gutwika: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya Catalytic Bead na Infrared Idakwirakwira. NDIR ikomeje gukundwa cyane mu duce duto bitewe n’ubudahangarwa bwayo ku kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni no kuramba.
- Imyuka y'uburozi (urugero, H₂S): Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bipima ubushyuhe bwa elegitoroniki.
- Icyemezo cy’uko ibikoresho bidaturika: Ibikoresho muri Arabiya Sawudite bikunze kuba byujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga (nka ATEX, IECEx) n’icyemezo cyo mu gace biherereyemo. Ubwoko busanzwe bwo kurinda burimo:
- Ex d [Irinda umuriro]: Urwo ruzitiro rushobora kwihanganira guturika imbere nta kwangirika no gukumira ko umuriro woherezwa mu kirere cyo hanze.
- Ex e [Umutekano wongerewe]: Hari ingamba zindi zikoreshwa mu gukumira ko habaho imirasire, ibishashi, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije.
- Ex i [Umutekano w’Imbere]: Umutekano wizewe no kugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu muyoboro. Uru ni rumwe mu nzego zo hejuru z’uburinzi, zikunze gukoreshwa ku byuma bipima umuriro bisaba ko bibungabungwa mu murima.
4. Guhuza Sisitemu no Gukoresha Amakuru:
Izi sensor zirinda guturika ntizikora ukwazo ahubwo zihujwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imyuka yo mu ruganda rwose.
- Itangazo ryo mu gihe nyacyo: Iyo sensor ibonye ubwinshi bwa gazi bugeze ku rwego rw'itangazo ryateguwe, itera itangazo ryo mu matwi n'iry'amashusho mu cyumba cyo hagati cy'ubuyobozi, ikagaragaza aho amazi yamenetse.
- Gufunga/Kugenzura byikora: Sisitemu ishobora gutangiza ibikorwa byihutirwa mu buryo bwikora, nko:
- Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka mu gace gatemba amazi.
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- Gufunga mu buryo bwikora vali zijyanye no kuzimya mu gihe cy'impanuka.
- Guhagarika ipompo cyangwa compressors zegereye aho.
- Gukurikirana no Gusesengura Amakuru: Amakuru yose arabikwa kandi agasesengurwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ibikoresho bikunze gusohoka gake, kunoza inzira z'amarondo, no gukora igenzura ry'umutekano.
Imbogamizi n'Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
- Kuramba mu bidukikije: Ikirere gikabije cya Arabiya Sawudite (ubushyuhe bwinshi, umucanga, ingese y'umunyu) kigerageza cyane ibikoresho byo mu nzu, imikorere yo gufunga, n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bisaba ko ibikoresho bigenzura cyane ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa (IP).
- Kugabanya Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubutunzi: Ibi birimo ikiguzi cyo gupima, kubungabunga, no gusimbuza sensor. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza ni ikoranabuhanga rihamye kandi rirambye (nka IR) n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifite ubushobozi bwo kwisuzuma bishobora kugaragaza amakosa cyangwa kwangirika.
- Ubumenyi n'Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga Ibitekerezo: Bihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya IoT, ibikoresho bipima gazi bidaturika birimo kuba igice cya Industry 4.0. Mu gusesengura imiterere y'amakuru, sisitemu ishobora kuburira ku nzitizi zishobora kubaho ku bikoresho.mbereubwinshi bw'imyuka bugera ku rugero ruteje akaga, buva ku gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bwihuse bujya ku kwirinda ibintu mu buryo bwihuse.
- Utwuma duto tudakoresha insinga: Ku bijyanye no guhindura insinga cyangwa aho insinga zigorana, gukoresha utwuma duto twemewe dukoresha insinga turimo kuba igisubizo cy’inyongera kandi cyiza.
- Seriveri yuzuye na porogaramu zidafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
- Kubona ibindi bipima gazi amakuru,
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Nzeri 2025