Utwuma dupima gazi mu nganda z'igihugu cya Arabiya Sawudite

Utwuma dupima gazi ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda za Arabiya Sawudite, twinjiye mu rwego rw'ingenzi rwa peteroli na gazi ndetse n'inganda zifitanye isano nka peteroli, ingufu n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi. Imikoreshereze yabyo ishingiye ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi bikenewe: umutekano w'abakozi, kurengera ibidukikije, kurengera imitungo, kugenzura ibikorwa, no kubahiriza amategeko.

Dore ingero zihariye z'ikoreshwa mu nganda z'ingenzi:

1. Guteza imbere peteroli na gaze (Ubushakashatsi n'Umusaruro)

Aha niho hantu hakenewe cyane kandi hakwirakwizwa cyane mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima gazi.

• Ingero z'uko bikorwa: Imashini zicukura mu mazi no mu nyanja, amariba ya peteroli na gazi, aho bakusanyiriza, inganda zitunganya.
• Imyuka Yavumbuwe:
  • Imyuka Ishobora Gutwika (LEL): Methane, ethane, n'izindi hydrocarbon, ibice by'ingenzi bya gazi karemano na gazi ya peteroli ifitanye isano nayo.
  • Imyuka y'uburozi:
    • Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Ingaruka mbi zishobora kwica mu bibanza byinshi bya peteroli na gaze byo muri Arabiya Sawudite, cyane cyane ibibanza bya gaze "bitose". Ibikoresho byizewe ni ingenzi cyane.
    • Monoxide ya karuboni (CO): Ituruka ku gushya kutuzuye muri moteri zicana imbere, boilers, nibindi.
  • Ogisijeni (O₂): Igenzura ibura rya ogisijeni mu bice bifunze cyangwa ahantu hasukuwe n'imyuka idakora nka azote, ndetse no kongera ogisijeni (ibyago byo gutwika).

2. Inganda zikora ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibinyabutabire

Uru rwego rukubiyemo ibikorwa by’ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi n’ibikorwa bigoye bya shimi bifite ibyago bikomeye byo kumena amazi.

• Ingero z'ikoreshwa: Inganda zitunganya ifumbire, inganda zikora imiti (urugero, ibigo bya SABIC), inganda za LNG.
• Imyuka Yavumbuwe:
  • Imyuka Ishobora Gutwika (LEL): Igenzura ry’amazi ya VOC ku bifunga, amavali, n’aho imiyoboro, imashini zitunganya amashanyarazi n’ibigega bibika.
  • Imyuka y'uburozi:
    • Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Ingingo y'ingenzi yo kugenzura ibikoresho byo gusukura sulfure n'ibikoresho byo kugarura sulfure (Claus Process).
    • Amoniya (NH₃): Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya SCR kugira ngo igabanye imyuka ya NOx; ni uburozi kandi irashya.
    • Chlorine (Cl₂), Sulfure Dioxide (SO₂): Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi cyangwa mu buryo bwihariye bwa shimi.
    • Benzene, VOCs: Gukurikirana ibintu bitera kanseri cyangwa uburozi mu gace runaka kugira ngo huzuzwe amahame y’ubuzima bw’akazi.

3. Urwego rw'Ingufu n'Amashanyarazi

• Ingero z'uko ikoreshwa: Inganda zitanga amashanyarazi (turbine za gaze, ibyumba byo kuriramo amazi), inganda zikuraho umunyu, inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye.
• Imyuka Yavumbuwe:
  • Imyuka Ishobora Gutwika (LEL): Kugenzura imiyoboro ikwirakwiza gazi karemano n'amazi ya gazi mbere y'uko amaboilers asohora.
  • Imyuka y'uburozi:
    • Chlorine (Cl₂): Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura imiti mu nganda nini zo muri Sawudite zikuraho umunyu (urugero, Jubail, Rabigh). Ikurikiranwa ryimbitse mu bubiko no mu bipimo by'imiti.
    • Ozone (O₃): Ikoreshwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe zigezweho zitunganya amazi.
    • Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Ikorerwa mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye ku mapompe, mu bigega byo gusukamo amazi, n'ibindi.

4. Inyubako n'ahantu hafungiranye

• Ingero z'uko ibintu bishyirwa mu bikorwa: Amagaraje yo guparika, imiyoboro y'amazi, ahantu hafungiranye mu nganda (imbere mu bigega, imashini zitanga amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amazi).
• Imyuka Yavumbuwe:
  • Monoxide ya Karuboni (CO) na Oxide za Azote (NOx): Kugenzura ubwinshi bw'imyotsi iva mu modoka mu gihe cyo guparika munsi y'ubutaka, bihuzwa n'uburyo bwo guhumeka.
  • Ogisijeni (O₂): Ni ngombwa mu kugenzura mbere yo kwinjira mu "gaze enye" ​​(O₂, LEL, CO, H₂S) mu mwanya ufunze.

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Riyadh, Arabiya Sawudite - Mu gihe Arabiya Sawudite ikomeje guteza imbere cyane icyerekezo cyayo cya 2030, ikavugurura inkingi zayo z'inganda, icyifuzo cy'ibisubizo by'umutekano n'igenzura ry'umutekano cyariyongereye cyane. Ishingiro ry'iyi mpinduka ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima imyuka, bw'ingenzi mu kurinda abakozi, umutungo wa miliyari nyinshi z'amadolari, n'ibidukikije mu nganda nini za peteroli, gaze na peteroli mu Bwami.

Kuva ku butaka bunini bwa Ghawar kugeza ku nganda nini cyane zo muri Jubail na Yanbu, ibyuma bipima gazi ni byo bya mbere birinda ibintu bitagaragara nk'amazi ya hydrocarbon ashongeshwa n'uburozi bwa Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S). Ubu icyo gikorwa kirimo guhinduka kijya ku bisubizo bihuriweho kandi bidafite insinga bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya no gusobanukirwa amakuru mu buryo budasanzwe.

Ejo hazaza nta muyoboro w'amashanyarazi kandi hahujwe

Ikibazo gikomeye mu kugenzura inganda nini z’inganda cyabaye ikiguzi n’uburemere bw’insinga. Ubu inganda zirimo gukoresha imiyoboro ikomeye y’ibikoresho bikoresha insinga zitagira umugozi, byohereza amakuru y’ingenzi ku bijyanye n’ingufu mu gihe nyacyo. Aha niho ibisubizo byuzuye biba ingenzi.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Honde riri ku isonga, ritanga ibidukikije byuzuye byo kugenzura gazi. Sisitemu yaryo ihuriweho irimo seriveri na porogaramu byuzuye hamwe na module ikoresha insinga, ishyigikira porotokoli nyinshi z'itumanaho zirimo RS485, GPRS, 4G, WiFi, LoRa, na LoRaWAN. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha mu bidukikije byose, kuva ku masoko ya kure akoresha LPWAN kugeza ku nganda zifite WiFi, bigatuma amakuru ahora akwirakwira kandi yizewe ku bashinzwe umutekano.

Uretse Umutekano: Ibikorwa bigamije amakuru

Iri koranabuhanga ntabwo rikiri iry’intabaza gusa. Binyuze mu guhuza sensors ku rubuga rukuru, amasosiyete ashobora gusesengura ibigezweho, guhanura ibikenewe mu kubungabunga, no gukumira impanuka mbere yuko ziba, bigatuma imikorere myiza ihuzwa n’intego za Arabiya Sawudite zo gukwirakwiza ubukungu.

Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye na sensor no gusuzuma uburyo ibisubizo byacu byuzuye bya wireless bishobora kongera umutekano wawe n'imikorere myiza, nyamuneka hamagara:

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