Imikoreshereze y'ibipimo by'ingufu zikoreshwa muri Arabiya Sawudite

Isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite, nk'ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry'inganda z'ingufu, rikoresha ahanini ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya peteroli na gazi, gutunganya, gutanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi, n'inganda. Ibisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bibe byiza, byizewe, kandi bishobore kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye ni byinshi cyane.

Urugero rw'ingenzi: Uruganda runini rutunganya gazi muri Arabiya Sawudite

Amashusho y'umushinga:
Uruganda rutunganya gazi yo ku nkombe rukorera muri Saudi Aramco cyangwa umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa barwo, rushinzwe gutunganya gazi mbisi iva mu mirima ya gazi yo mu nyanja n’iyidafitanye isano. Uruganda rugomba gusukura, gusiga isukari, no gukamura gazi mbisi, gutandukanya LPG no gushonga, hanyuma rugakora gazi yumye ijyanye n’amabwiriza yo kohereza gazi mu miyoboro.

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ingero n'Ihitamo ry'Ingano y'Ikoreshwa:

Muri iki gikorwa cyose, uburyo gazi ikoreshwa n'imiterere y'akazi biratandukanye cyane mu bice bitandukanye, bikaba ngombwa gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa:

1. Igipimo cya Gazi mbisi zinjira (Umuvuduko mwinshi, Umurambararo munini)
   • Ingero: Gazi mbisi ikomoka mu mirima ya gaze yinjira mu ruganda ikoresheje imiyoboro minini, isaba gupima umusaruro wose w’amazi.
   • Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi gikunzwe: Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cya Ultrasonic cyangwa Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cya Gazi.
   • Impamvu:
     • Igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa Ultrasonic: Nta bice bigenda, gihangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushobozi bwo kugera ahantu hanini, kandi gifite ubuziranenge bwinshi (kugeza kuri ± 0.5%), bigatuma kiba cyiza nk' "igipimo cy'ingenzi" cyo kwimura. Gipima neza umwuka utose, ushobora kuba urimo ibitonyanga cyangwa uduce duto mbere yo kuvurwa.
     • Igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa gaze: Ikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi rifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, ariko ibyuma bipima umuvuduko w'amazi bishobora kwangirika mu mwuka wanduye, akenshi bigasaba ibyuma bigabanya umuvuduko w'amazi.
2. Kugenzura no Gukurikirana Imikorere (Umuvuduko Uciriritse, Ingano Zitandukanye z'Imiyoboro)
   • Ingero: Kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gutera imiti no kugenzura uburyo ikoreshwa mu kuvura mu nzira zo kuvura amazi aturuka mu binyabutabire (amine scrubbing) no mu kuvura amazi aturuka mu binyabutabire (molecular sieve).
   • Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi gikunzwe: Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cya Coriolis.
   • Impamvu:
     • Ipima mu buryo butaziguye urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka, idahungabanyijwe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko.
     • Gutanga ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'umwuka icyarimwe, bifasha gukurikirana impinduka mu miterere y'umwuka.
     • Ubuhanga n'ubwizerwe biri hejuru, bituma biba byiza mu kugenzura ibikorwa no mu ibaruramari ry'imbere.
3. Igipimo cy'ikwirakwizwa rya gaze ya lisansi (Ibikorwa byabugenewe mu nganda)
   • Ishusho: Gukwirakwiza gaze ya lisansi kuri turbine za gaze, boilers, na heaters ziri mu ruganda. Iki giciro gikeneye ibaruramari ryimbitse ry’imbere.
   • Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi gikunzwe cyane: Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi.
   • Impamvu:
     • Inyubako ikomeye, nta bice byimuka, nta n'ubuziranenge buhagije.
     • Ihendutse kandi ifite ubunyangamugayo buhagije mu kugena ikiguzi mu gihe cy'umuvuduko uri hagati/uri hasi, kandi uhindagurika mu mikorere.
     • Ikwiriye cyane lisansi yumye kandi isukuye.

Igisubizo cy'amakuru ahujwe:
Kugira ngo ikigo gicunge neza, ibipimo by'amazi bishobora kuba igice cya sisitemu nini. Itsinda ryuzuye rya seriveri na porogaramu zifite module idafite umugozi, rishyigikira RS485, GPRS, 4G, WiFi, LoRa, na LoRaWAN, rituma amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo bwihuse kuva kuri izi ngingo z'ingenzi zo gupima agera mu cyumba cyo kugenzura, bikoroshya gukurikirana, kumenya amakosa hakiri kare, no gusesengura amakuru.
Kubindi bisobanuro birambuye ku byuma bipima, nyamuneka hamagara:
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4. Igipimo cya nyuma cyo kohereza imyuka yumye mu mahanga (Kohereza ububiko)
   • Ishusho: Ibipimo by'imiyoboro ihura na gazi yumye byoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu miyoboro igera ku muyoboro w'igihugu cyangwa ku bakoresha amashanyarazi. Aha niho hantu hakenewe cyane ho kohereza amashanyarazi.
   • Igipimo cy'Iterambere ry'Umuvuduko: Igipimo cy'Iterambere rya Ultrasonic.
   • Impamvu:
     • Amahame ngenderwaho yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga yo kohereza gazi karemano. Ubuhanga bwayo n'uburyo yizewe ni ingenzi mu kurengera inyungu z'abaguzi n'abagurisha.
     • Ubusanzwe ihuzwa na chromatograph ya gaze yo kuri interineti kugira ngo ihabwe agaciro k’ubushyuhe mu buryo nyabwo (Wobbe Index) n’ubucucike, ibarwa agaciro k’ingufu gasanzwe (urugero, MMBtu) kugira ngo habeho kwishyura amafaranga.

Izindi manza z'ingenzi zo gusaba serivisi ku isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite

1. Gukoresha no Kugarura Gazi Bifitanye isano
   • Ingero: Mu mirima ya peteroli, gazi ifitanye isano nayo yari yaratwitswe mbere ubu irimo kuboneka ku rugero runini. Ibipimo by'amazi bigomba gupima iyi gazi hakoreshejwe imiterere ihindagurika itandukanyijwe n'imyobo ya peteroli.
   • Imikoreshereze: Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic na Coriolis Mass Flow Meters nabyo bikoreshwa cyane hano bitewe nuko bitabasha kwihanganira impinduka mu miterere y'amazi ndetse no kuba bihindagurika cyane.
2. Imyuka n'ibikoresho by'inganda
   • Ibintu:
     • Inganda zikuraho umunyu: Gupima imyuka ya lisansi kuri turbine nini za gazi (Vortex Flow Meters).
     • Ibimera bya peteroli: Gupima imyuka ikoreshwa mu gupima imikorere nka ethylene, propylene, na hydrogen (Coriolis Mass Flow Meters ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa).
     • Ibipimo by'irembo ry'Umujyi: Ibipimo ku marembo y'umujyi no ku bakoresha inganda nini/ubucuruzi (Turbine cyangwa Ultrasonic Flow Meters).
3. Gutunganya Amazi n'Amazi Yanduye
   • Ingero: Mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye, gupima umwuka uhuhwa mu bigega by'umwuka kugira ngo hakorwe neza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
   • Imikoreshereze: Ibipimo by'umuvuduko utandukanye (Orifice Plate, Annubar) cyangwa Ibipimo by'umuvuduko ushyushye bikunze gukoreshwa, kuko bikwiriye gupimwa umuyoboro munini, umwuka muto kandi bikaba bihendutse.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho ku isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite

• Guhangana n’ibidukikije cyane: Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’impeshyi n’imvura nyinshi y’umucanga, ibipimo by’amazi bigomba kuba bifite imiterere y’ubushyuhe bwinshi, birinda kwinjira cyane (nibura IP65), kandi birwanya umucanga n’umukungugu.
• Impamyabushobozi n'Amabwiriza: Abakiriya, cyane cyane Aramco, bakunze gusaba impamyabushobozi mpuzamahanga nka ATEX/IECEx kugira ngo barinde guturika, OIML, na API kugira ngo huzuzwe amabwiriza y'umutekano n'ibipimo ngenderwaho.
• Inkunga na Serivisi zo mu Karere: Bitewe n'ingano nini y'imishinga y'inganda n'igihe cyo kuruhuka gihenze, abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga ubufasha bukomeye mu bya tekiniki mu Karere no gutanga serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha, harimo n'aho babika ibikoresho by'inganda n'abahanga babihuguriwe neza.
• Iterambere rya Tekiniki: Abakiriya bo muri Arabiya Sawudite, cyane cyane isosiyete y'igihugu ikora peteroli, bifuza gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo bongere umusaruro mwiza kandi bapime neza. Ibipimo by'amazi bitanga uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, kugenzura ibintu biri kure, n'itumanaho rya elegitoroniki (HART/Foundation Fieldbus/Profibus PA) birakomeye.

Muri make, ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi ry'ibipimo by'amazi aturuka kuri gaze muri Arabiya Sawudite ni ugukorera inganda nini za peteroli na gaze, kuva mu mirima yo hejuru kugeza ku nganda zikora peteroli, bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, kwizerwa no kubahiriza amategeko. Ipfundo ryo gutsinda muri iri soko ni ugutanga ibicuruzwa byiza byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bishobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye, kandi bigaterwa inkunga n'inkunga ikomeye yo mu gihugu.