Ubushakashatsi bushya bugaragaza uburyo umwanda uva mubikorwa byabantu bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwabo bwo kubona indabyo
Mu nzira iyo ari yo yose ihuze, ibisigisigi by'imodoka zimanikwa mu kirere, muri byo harimo azote ya azote na ozone. Iyi myanda ihumanya, nayo irekurwa n’inganda nyinshi n’inganda n’amashanyarazi, ireremba mu kirere amasaha n’imyaka. Abahanga bamenye kuva kera ko iyi miti yangiza ubuzima bwabantu. Ariko ubu, ibimenyetso byinshi bigenda byerekana ko ibyo bihumanya nabyo bituma ubuzima bugora ibyangiza udukoko hamwe n’ibimera bishingikirizaho.
Ubwoko butandukanye bw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikora hamwe n’imiti igize impumuro y’ururabyo, igahindura ingano n’imiterere y’ibintu ku buryo bibangamira ubushobozi bw’imyanda kubona indabyo. Usibye gushakisha ibimenyetso bifatika nk'imiterere y'ururabyo cyangwa ibara, udukoko biterwa n '“ikarita” impumuro nziza, ikomatanya na molekile ihumura idasanzwe kuri buri bwoko bw'indabyo, kugirango ibone igihingwa cyifuzwa. Ozone yo mu rwego rwa ozone na azote ikora na molekile ihumura indabyo, ikora imiti mishya ikora muburyo butandukanye.
Ben Langford, umuhanga mu kirere mu kigo cy’Ubwongereza gishinzwe ibidukikije na Hydrology ukora ubushakashatsi kuri iki kibazo yagize ati: "Birahindura cyane impumuro ako gakoko gashaka."
Umwanda wangiza wiga guhuza imiti idasanzwe indabyo irekura nubwoko bwihariye nibihembo byisukari bifitanye isano. Iyo ibyo bintu byoroshye bihuye nibihumanya byangiza cyane, ibisubizo bihindura umubare wa molekile zihumura indabyo kimwe nubunini ugereranije na buri bwoko bwa molekile, bigahindura cyane impumuro.
Abashakashatsi bazi ko ozone yibasira ubwoko bwa karubone iboneka muri molekile yindabyo. Ku rundi ruhande, azote ya azote ni enigma nkeya, kandi ntikiramenyekana neza uburyo molekile zihumura indabyo zifata imiti hamwe nubu bwoko bwimvange. James Ryalls, umushakashatsi muri kaminuza yo gusoma, yagize ati: "Iyi karita impumuro ni ingenzi cyane ku byangiza, cyane cyane ibyangiza biguruka." Ati: "Hariho udusimba tumwe na tumwe, dushobora kubona ururabyo gusa iyo ruri munsi ya metero imwe uvuye kururabo, bityo impumuro ni ingenzi cyane kuri bo kurisha."
Langford hamwe nabandi bagize itsinda rye bahagurukiye gusobanukirwa nuburyo ozone ihindura imiterere yumubavu wururabyo. Bakoresheje umuyoboro wumuyaga hamwe na sensor kugirango bapime imiterere yibicu bihumura indabyo zirema iyo zisohora impumuro nziza yabasinyiye. Abashakashatsi bahise basohora ozone yibice bibiri, kimwe muricyo gisa nicyo Ubwongereza bwiboneye mugihe cyizuba iyo urugero rwa ozone ruri hejuru, mumurongo hamwe na molekile zihumura neza. Basanze ozone irya ku nkombe za plume, bigabanya ubugari n'uburebure.
Abashakashatsi bahise bifashisha reflexe yubuki izwi kwizina rya proboscis. Nkinshi nkimbwa ya Pavlov, yatera amacandwe avuza inzogera yo kurya, ubuki bwongera igice cyumunwa wacyo nkigikoresho cyo kugaburira, kizwi nka proboscis, mugusubiza umunuko bahuza nigihembo cyisukari. Iyo abahanga berekanye inzuki impumuro basanzwe bumva metero esheshatu uvuye kururabyo, bakuyemo proboscis zabo 52% byigihe. Ibi byagabanutse kugera kuri 38 ku ijana byigihe cyo guhumura kigereranya impumuro metero 12 uvuye kururabyo.
Ariko, mugihe bakoresheje impinduka zimwe kumpumuro yaboneka mumashanyarazi yangijwe na ozone, inzuki zashubije 32% byigihe gusa kuri metero esheshatu na 10% byigihe kuri metero 12. Langford yagize ati: "Urabona ibi bitonyanga bitangaje mu mubare w'inzuki zishobora kumenya umunuko."
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuriyi ngingo bwakorewe muri laboratoire, ntabwo bwakorewe mu murima cyangwa ahantu nyaburanga. Kugira ngo iki cyuho gikemuke, abahanga bo muri kaminuza yo gusoma bashizeho pompe zisunika ozone cyangwa mazutu mu bice by'umurima w'ingano. Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mu mpeta ya metero 26 zifunguye zifasha abashakashatsi gusuzuma ingaruka ziterwa n’ikirere ku bwoko butandukanye bwangiza.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryakurikiranye ibimera bya sinapi mu bibanza byo gusura umwanda. Ibyumba bimwe byari byashyizwemo mazutu ya mazutu mu nzego ziri munsi y’ubuziranenge bw’ikirere cya EPA. Muri izo mbuga, hagabanutseho 90 ku ijana ubushobozi bw’udukoko bwo kubona indabyo zishingiye ku biryo. Byongeye kandi, ibihingwa bya sinapi byakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi, nubwo ari indabyo zanduza, byagabanutse kugera kuri 31 ku ijana mu ngamba zimwe na zimwe z’iterambere ry’imbuto, bikaba bishoboka ko biterwa no kugabanuka kwanduye kwanduye.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibyonnyi byangiza udukoko ubwabyo bihura n’ibibazo bidasanzwe bitewe n’ubu ikirere cyanduye. Ariko iyo ukorana nibindi bibazo byugarije utwo dukoko, ihumana ry’ikirere rishobora guteza ibibazo muri
Turashobora gutanga sensor zo gupima imyuka myinshi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2024