Hamwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi, abahinzi bo muri Afurika yepfo barashaka cyane ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo. Ikwirakwizwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’ubutaka mu bice byinshi bya Afurika yepfo ryerekana intambwe yingenzi iganisha ku buhinzi bwuzuye mu nganda z’ubuhinzi muri iki gihugu.
Kuzamuka k'ubuhinzi bwuzuye
Ubuhinzi bwuzuye nuburyo bukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru nisesengura ryamakuru kugirango hongerwe umusaruro wibihingwa. Mugukurikirana imiterere yubutaka mugihe nyacyo, abahinzi barashobora gucunga imirima yabo mubuhanga, kongera umusaruro no kugabanya imyanda. Ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri Afurika yepfo ryifatanije n’amasosiyete menshi y’ikoranabuhanga mu kohereza ibyuma bifata ibyuma ibihumbi mu mirima mu gihugu hose.
Uburyo ibyuma byubutaka bikora
Ibyo byuma byinjizwa mu butaka kandi birashobora gukurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi nk'ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, intungamubiri ndetse n'amashanyarazi mu gihe gikwiye. Amakuru yoherezwa bidasubirwaho kurubuga rushingiye ku gicu aho abahinzi bashobora kuyigeraho bakoresheje terefone zabo cyangwa mudasobwa zabo kandi bakabona inama z’ubuhinzi bwihariye.
Kurugero, mugihe ibyuma byerekana ko ubutaka buri munsi yurwego runaka, sisitemu ihita iburira abahinzi kuhira. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ubutaka budafite intungamubiri zihagije nka azote, fosifore na potasiyumu, sisitemu igira inama abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire ikwiye. Ubu buryo bwo gucunga neza ntabwo butezimbere gusa umusaruro witerambere ryibihingwa, ahubwo binagabanya imyanda yamazi, ifumbire nubundi buryo.
Umusaruro nyawo w'abahinzi
Mu murima uri mu ntara y’iburasirazuba bwa Cape, umuhinzi John Mbelele amaze amezi menshi akoresha ibyuma byubutaka. Ati: “Mbere, twagombaga gushingira ku bunararibonye ndetse n'uburyo bwa gakondo kugira ngo tumenye igihe cyo kuhira no gufumbira. Ubu hamwe n'izi sensor, nshobora kumenya neza uko ubutaka bumeze, ibyo bikaba bimpa icyizere cyinshi mu mikurire y'ibihingwa byanjye.”
Mbele yavuze kandi ko gukoresha sensor, umurima we ukoresha amazi agera kuri 30 ku ijana na 20 ku ijana, mu gihe wiyongera umusaruro utarenze 15 ku ijana. Ibi ntibigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka zibidukikije.
Urubanza
Urubanza 1: Isambu ya Oasis mu burasirazuba bwa Cape
Amavu n'amavuko:
Isambu ya Oasis iherereye mu Ntara ya Cape y'Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 500 kandi ahanini ihinga ibigori na soya. Kubera imvura idasanzwe yo muri ako karere mu myaka yashize, umuhinzi Peter van der Merwe yashakishaga uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi neza.
Porogaramu Sensor:
Mu ntangiriro za 2024, Peter yashyizeho ibyuma bifata ubutaka 50 mu murima, bigabanywa ahantu hatandukanye kugira ngo harebwe ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka, ubushyuhe n’ibirimo intungamubiri mu gihe gikwiye. Buri sensor yohereza amakuru kumurongo wigicu buri minota 15, Peter ashobora kureba mugihe nyacyo akoresheje porogaramu igendanwa.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Kuhira neza:
Yakoresheje amakuru ya sensor, Peter yasanze ubuhehere bwubutaka mubibanza bimwe byagabanutse cyane mugihe runaka, mugihe mubindi byakomeje guhagarara neza. Yahinduye gahunda yo kuhira ashingiye kuri aya makuru kandi ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kuhira imyaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukoresha amazi yo kuhira byagabanutseho hafi 35 ku ijana, mu gihe umusaruro w’ibigori na soya wiyongereyeho 10 ku ijana na 8 ku ijana.
2. Hindura neza ifumbire:
Rukuruzi kandi ikurikirana ibirimo intungamubiri nka azote, fosifore na potasiyumu mu butaka. Peter yahinduye gahunda yo gusama ashingiye kuri aya makuru kugirango yirinde gusama cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukoresha ifumbire byagabanutseho hafi 25 ku ijana, mu gihe imirire y’ibihingwa yazamutse.
3. Kuburira udukoko:
Rukuruzi kandi yafashije Peter kumenya udukoko n'indwara ziri mu butaka. Mu gusesengura ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka n’ubushyuhe, yashoboye guhanura ko ibyonnyi n’indwara bibaho kandi afata ingamba zo gukumira kugabanya imiti yica udukoko.
Ibitekerezo byatanzwe na Peter van der Mewe:
Ati: "Nkoresheje icyuma gikoresha ubutaka, nashoboye gucunga umurima wanjye mu buhanga. Mbere, buri gihe nahoraga mpangayikishijwe no kuhira cyane cyangwa gufumbira, ubu nshobora gufata ibyemezo nkurikije imibare ifatika. Ibi ntabwo byongera umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije."
Urubanza rwa 2: “Izuba Rirashe Vineyards” mu burengerazuba bwa Cape
Amavu n'amavuko:
Izuba Rirashe riherereye mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bwa Afurika yepfo, Vineyards izwiho gutanga divayi nziza. Nyir'imizabibu Anna du Plessis ahura n'ikibazo cyo kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'inzabibu n'ubwiza bitewe n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku musaruro w'imboga.
Porogaramu Sensor:
Hagati ya 2024, Anna yashyizeho ibyuma 30 byubutaka mu mizabibu, bigabanywa mu bwoko butandukanye bw’imizabibu kugira ngo bikurikirane neza ubutaka, ubushyuhe ndetse nintungamubiri mu gihe gikwiye. Anna kandi akoresha ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikurikirana kugirango akurikirane amakuru nkubushyuhe bwikirere, ubuhehere n umuvuduko wumuyaga.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Gucunga neza:
Ukoresheje amakuru ya sensor, Anna arashobora kumva neza imiterere yubutaka munsi ya buri muzabibu. Ashingiye kuri aya makuru, yahinduye gahunda yo kuhira no gufumbira kandi ashyira mu bikorwa imiyoborere inoze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro nubwiza bwinzabibu byateye imbere cyane, kimwe nubwiza bwa divayi.
2. Gucunga umutungo wamazi:
Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifasha Anna gukoresha neza amazi. Yasanze ubushuhe bwubutaka mubibanza bimwe na bimwe bwari hejuru cyane mugihe runaka, bigatuma habaho kubura ogisijeni mumizi yumuzabibu. Mu guhindura gahunda ye yo kuhira, yirinze kurengerwa no kubika amazi.
3. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe:
Ikirere cyifashisha ikirere gifasha Anna kumenya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku mizabibu ye. Ashingiye ku bushyuhe bw’ikirere n’ubushyuhe, yahinduye ingamba zo gutema no kugicucu cy’imizabibu kugira ngo imizabibu irusheho guhangana n’ikirere.
Ibitekerezo byatanzwe na Anna du Plessis:
Yakomeje agira ati: "Nkoresheje ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata mu kirere.
Urubanza rwa 3: Gusarura umurima muri KwaZulu-Natal
Amavu n'amavuko:
Umurima w'isarura uherereye mu ntara ya KwaZulu-Natal kandi uhinga cyane ibisheke. Hamwe n’imvura idasanzwe muri kariya karere, umuhinzi Rashid Patel yashakishije uburyo bwo kuzamura umusaruro w’ibisheke.
Porogaramu Sensor:
Mu gice cya kabiri cya 2024, Rashid yashyizeho ibyuma bifata ibyuma 40 mu murima, bigabanywa ahantu hatandukanye hagamijwe gukurikirana ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, ubushyuhe ndetse nintungamubiri mu gihe gikwiye. Yakoresheje kandi drone mu gufata amafoto yo mu kirere no gukurikirana imikurire y’ibisheke.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Kongera umusaruro:
Yifashishije amakuru ya sensor, Rashid yashoboye kumva neza imiterere yubutaka bwa buri kibanza. Yahinduye gahunda yo kuhira no gufumbira ashingiye kuri aya makuru, ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubuhinzi neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro wibisheke wiyongereyeho 15%.
2. Zigama umutungo:
Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifasha Rashid guhitamo gukoresha amazi n'ifumbire. Ashingiye ku butaka bw’ubutaka n’intungamubiri zirimo, yahinduye gahunda yo kuhira no gufumbira kugira ngo yirinde kuhira cyane no gufumbira no kuzigama umutungo.
3. Kurwanya udukoko:
Rukuruzi kandi yafashaga Rashid kubona udukoko n'indwara mu butaka. Ashingiye ku bushyuhe bw’ubutaka n’ubushyuhe, yafashe ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko.
Ibitekerezo byatanzwe na Rashid Patel:
Ati: "Nkoresheje icyuma gikoresha ubutaka, nashoboye gucunga umurima wanjye mu buhanga. Ibi ntabwo byongera umusaruro w'isukari gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ndateganya kurushaho kwagura imikoreshereze ya sensor mu gihe kiri imbere kugira ngo umusaruro ushimishije mu buhinzi."
Inkunga ya leta na tekinoroji
Guverinoma ya Afurika yepfo iha agaciro kanini iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwuzuye kandi itanga inkunga nyinshi za politiki n’inkunga y’imari. Umukozi wa leta yagize ati: "Dutezimbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi risobanutse, turizera kuzamura umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi, kurinda umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye".
Ibigo byinshi byikoranabuhanga nabyo bigira uruhare rugaragara, bitanga ubwoko bwinshi bwubutaka bwubutaka hamwe nuburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru. Iyi sosiyete ntabwo itanga ibikoresho byuma gusa, ahubwo inatanga amahugurwa ya tekiniki na serivisi zifasha abahinzi kugirango bibafashe gukoresha neza ubwo buhanga bushya.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere no kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga rya sensor yubutaka, ubuhinzi muri Afrika yepfo buzatangiza ibihe byubuhinzi bwubwenge kandi bunoze. Mu bihe biri imbere, ibyo byuma bifata amajwi bishobora guhuzwa na drone, imashini zikoresha ubuhinzi zikoresha n’ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo urusobe rw’ubuhinzi rwuzuye rwuzuye.
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi muri Afurika yepfo, Dr John Smith, yagize ati: "Ibyuma by’ubutaka ni igice cy’ingenzi mu buhinzi bwuzuye. Hamwe n’ibi byuma, dushobora kumva neza ibikenerwa n’ubutaka n’ibihingwa, bigatuma umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ukora neza. Ibi ntibizafasha gusa kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa, ahubwo bizanagabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije kandi bigire uruhare mu iterambere rirambye."
Umwanzuro
Ubuhinzi bwo muri Afrika yepfo burimo guhinduka hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Gukoresha cyane ibyuma bifata ibyuma byubutaka ntibitezimbere gusa umusaruro wubuhinzi, ahubwo bizana inyungu nyayo mubukungu. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no gushyigikira politiki, ubuhinzi bwuzuye buzagira uruhare runini muri Afurika yepfo ndetse no ku isi yose, bizagira uruhare runini mu kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-20-2025