Bitewe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi, abahinzi bo muri Afurika y'Epfo barimo gushaka ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo bahangane n’ibibazo. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gupima ubutaka mu bice byinshi bya Afurika y'Epfo bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu buhinzi bunoze mu nganda z'ubuhinzi muri icyo gihugu.
Izamuka ry'ubuhinzi bunoze
Ubuhinzi bugezweho ni uburyo bukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gusesengura amakuru kugira ngo umusaruro w’ibihingwa urusheho kuba mwiza. Mu gukurikirana imiterere y’ubutaka mu gihe nyacyo, abahinzi bashobora gucunga imirima yabo mu buryo bwa siyansi, kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ipfa ry’umutungo. Ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri Afurika y’Epfo ryafatanyije n’ibigo byinshi bikora ikoranabuhanga mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bipima ubutaka ibihumbi mu mirima hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Uburyo ibikoresho by'ubutaka bikora
Izi sensor ziba ziri mu butaka kandi zishobora gukurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi nk'ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, intungamubiri n'uburyo amashanyarazi atwara mu buryo bufatika. Amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo butaziguye ku rubuga rukoresha ikoranabuhanga aho abahinzi bashobora kuyageraho bakoresheje telefoni zabo cyangwa mudasobwa zabo kandi bakabona inama ku buhinzi bwabo.
Urugero, iyo ibyuma bipima ko ubushuhe bw'ubutaka buri munsi y'urugero runaka, sisitemu ihita imenyesha abahinzi kuhira. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo ubutaka budafite intungamubiri zihagije nka azote, fosifore na potasiyumu, sisitemu igira inama abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire ikwiye. Ubu buryo bwo gucunga neza ntibunoza gusa umusaruro w'ibihingwa, ahubwo bunagabanya gusesagura amazi, ifumbire n'ibindi bikoresho.
Amafaranga nyayo abahinzi binjiza
Mu murima wo mu ntara ya Cape y'Iburasirazuba muri Afurika y'Epfo, umuhinzi John Mbelele amaze amezi menshi akoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka. Yagize ati: “Mbere, twagombaga kwishingikiriza ku bunararibonye n'uburyo gakondo kugira ngo tumenye igihe cyo kuhira no gufumbira. Ubu hamwe n'ibi bikoresho, nshobora kumenya neza uko ubutaka bumeze, ibyo bimpa icyizere cy'uko imyaka yanjye ikura.”
Mbele yanavuze ko akoresheje ibyo byuma bipima ikirere, ubuhinzi bwe bukoresha amazi makeya agera kuri 30% n'ifumbire mvaruganda nkeya 20%, mu gihe byongera umusaruro w'ibihingwa ho 15%. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Urubanza rw'ubusabe
Urubanza rwa 1: Oasis Farm muri Cape y'Iburasirazuba
Inyuma:
Oasis Farm, iherereye mu Ntara ya Cape y'Iburasirazuba muri Afurika y'Epfo, ifite ubuso bwa hegitari zigera kuri 500 kandi ihinga cyane cyane ibigori na soya. Kubera imvura idakunze kugwa muri ako gace mu myaka yashize, umuhinzi Peter van der Merwe yagiye ashakisha uburyo bwo gutuma ikoreshwa ry'amazi rirushaho kuba ryiza.
Porogaramu zo gupima:
Mu ntangiriro za 2024, Peter yashyizeho utwuma 50 tw’ubutaka mu murima, dukwirakwizwa mu mirima itandukanye kugira ngo dukurikirane ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, ubushyuhe n’intungamubiri mu gihe nyacyo. Buri tunuma twohereza amakuru kuri platform ya cloud buri minota 15, Peter akaba ashobora kuyareba mu gihe nyacyo akoresheje porogaramu igendanwa.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Kuhira neza:
Akoresheje amakuru ya sensor, Peter yasanze ubushuhe bw'ubutaka mu mirima imwe n'imwe bwaragabanutse cyane mu gihe runaka, mu yindi bugakomeza kuba buhamye. Yahinduye gahunda ye yo kuhira ashingiye kuri aya makuru maze ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kuhira mu turere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikoreshwa ry'amazi yo kuhira ryagabanutseho hafi 35%, mu gihe umusaruro w'ibigori na soya wiyongereyeho 10% na 8%, uko bikurikirana.
2. Kunoza ifumbire:
Ibikoresho bipima kandi ingano y’intungamubiri nka azote, fosifore na potasiyumu mu butaka. Peter yahinduye gahunda ye yo gufumbira ashingiye kuri aya makuru kugira ngo hirindwe ko ifumbire irenze urugero. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire ryagabanutseho hafi 25%, mu gihe imiterere y’imirire y’ibihingwa yarushijeho kuba myiza.
3. Umuburo ku byangiza:
Ibikoresho byo gupima byafashije Peter kumenya udukoko n'indwara mu butaka. Mu gusesengura amakuru y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, yashoboye kumenya niba udukoko n'indwara bizagaragara ndetse anafata ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo agabanye ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko.
Ibitekerezo byatanzwe na Peter van der Mewe:
“Nkoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka, nashoboye gucunga ubuhinzi bwanjye mu buryo bwa siyansi. Mbere, nahoraga mpangayikishijwe no kuhira cyane cyangwa gufumbira, ubu nshobora gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru nyayo. Ibi ntibyongera umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.”
Urubanza rwa 2: “Imizabibu y'izuba” muri Cape y'Iburengerazuba
Inyuma:
Sunshine Vineyards iherereye mu Ntara ya Cape y'Iburengerazuba muri Afurika y'Epfo, izwiho gukora divayi nziza cyane. Nyiri uruzabibu Anna du Plessis ahanganye n'ikibazo cyo kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'inzabibu n'ubwiza bwazo bitewe n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku musaruro w'ibihingwa.
Porogaramu zo gupima:
Hagati mu mwaka wa 2024, Anna yashyizeho utwuma 30 tw’ubutaka mu mirima y’imizabibu, dukwirakwizwa munsi y’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibiti by’imizabibu kugira ngo dukurikirane ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, ubushyuhe n’intungamubiri mu gihe nyacyo. Anna anakoresha utwuma tw’ikirere kugira ngo akurikirane amakuru nk’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere, ubushuhe n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Imicungire myiza:
Akoresheje amakuru ajyanye n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, Anna ashobora gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y'ubutaka munsi ya buri giti. Ashingiye kuri ayo makuru, yahinduye gahunda zo kuhira no gufumbira ndetse anashyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gucunga neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'inzabibu byarushijeho kuzamuka cyane, kimwe n'ubwiza bwa divayi.
2. Imicungire y'Umutungo w'Amazi:
Ibyo byuma byafashije Anna gukoresha amazi neza. Yasanze ubushuhe bw'ubutaka mu mirima imwe n'imwe bwari bwinshi cyane mu bihe runaka, bigatuma umwuka ubura mu mizi y'ibiti by'imizabibu. Mu guhindura gahunda ye yo kuhira, yirinze kuhira cyane kandi azigama amazi.
3. Guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere:
Ibikoresho byo kumenya ikirere bifasha Anna kumenya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku mirima ye y’imizabibu. Ashingiye ku makuru y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bw’ikirere, yahinduye uburyo bwo gukata no gupfuka ibiti by’imizabibu kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere y’imizabibu.
Ibitekerezo bya Anna du Plessis:
“Nkoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka n’uburyo bwo gupima ikirere, nashoboye gucunga neza umurima wanjye w’imizabibu. Ibi ntibituma umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’imizabibu birushaho kwiyongera gusa, ahubwo binatuma numva neza ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibi bizamfasha cyane muri gahunda zanjye zo guhinga mu gihe kizaza.”
Urubanza rwa 3: Umurima w'ibihingwa muri KwaZulu-Natal
Inyuma:
Umurima wa Harvest uherereye mu ntara ya KwaZulu-Natali, ukaba ahanini uhinga ibisheke. Kubera imvura idakira muri ako karere, umuhinzi Rashid Patel yagiye ashakisha uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro w'ibisheke.
Porogaramu zo gupima:
Mu gice cya kabiri cya 2024, Rashid yashyizeho utwuma 40 tw’ubutaka mu murima, dukwirakwizwa mu mirima itandukanye kugira ngo tugenzure ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, ubushyuhe n’intungamubiri mu gihe nyacyo. Yanakoresheje indege zitagira abapilote mu gufata amafoto yo mu kirere no gukurikirana imikurire y’ibishishwa.
Ibisubizo byihariye:
1. Kongera umusaruro:
Akoresheje amakuru y’imashini ipima ubutaka, Rashid yashoboye gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’ubutaka bwa buri murima. Yahinduye gahunda zo kuhira no gufumbira ashingiye kuri ayo makuru, ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubuhinzi bunoze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro w’ibisheke wiyongereyeho hafi 15%.
2. Kuzigama umutungo:
Ibyo byuma bipima byafashije Rashid kunoza ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'ifumbire. Ashingiye ku makuru y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka n'ibikubiye mu ntungamubiri, yahinduye gahunda yo kuhira no gufumbira kugira ngo hirindwe kuhira cyane no gufumbira no kuzigama umutungo kamere.
3. Kurwanya udukoko:
Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma byafashije Rashid kubona udukoko n'indwara mu butaka. Ashingiye ku makuru y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, yafashe ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko.
Ibitekerezo bya Rashid Patel:
“Nkoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka, nashoboye gucunga ubuhinzi bwanjye mu buryo bwa siyansi. Ibi ntibyongera umusaruro w’ibisheke gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ndateganya kongera gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi urusheho kuba mwiza.”
Inkunga ya leta n'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga
Guverinoma ya Afurika y'Epfo iha agaciro gakomeye iterambere ry'ubuhinzi bugezweho kandi itanga inkunga zitandukanye za politiki n'inkunga y'amafaranga. “Mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bugezweho, twizeye kunoza umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, kurinda umutekano w'ibiribwa mu gihugu no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye,” uyu muyobozi wa guverinoma yagize ati.
Ibigo byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga nabyo birabigiramo uruhare runini, bitanga ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka n’uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru. Ibi bigo ntibitanga ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo binatanga amahugurwa ya tekiniki na serivisi zo gushyigikira abahinzi kugira ngo babafashe gukoresha neza ubwo buryo bushya bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho no gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubutaka, ubuhinzi muri Afurika y'Epfo buzazana igihe cy'ubuhinzi bw'ubwenge kandi bunoze. Mu gihe kizaza, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bushobora guhuzwa n'indege zitagira abapilote, imashini zikora mu buhinzi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo habeho urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima by'ubuhinzi by'ubwenge.
Dr John Smith, impuguke mu by'ubuhinzi muri Afurika y'Epfo, yagize ati: “Ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka ni igice cy'ingenzi mu buhinzi bunoze. Dukoresheje ibi bikoresho, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ubutaka n'ibihingwa bikenera, bigatuma umusaruro w'ubuhinzi urushaho kuba mwiza. Ibi ntibizafasha kongera umusaruro w'ibiribwa gusa, ahubwo bizanagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije no kugira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye.”
Umwanzuro
Ubuhinzi bwo muri Afurika y'Epfo burimo guhinduka bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga. Gukoresha cyane ibikoresho by'ubutaka ntibituma umusaruro w'ubuhinzi urushaho kuba mwiza gusa, ahubwo binazanira abahinzi inyungu nyazo mu bukungu. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga n'inkunga ya politiki, ubuhinzi bunoze buzagira uruhare runini muri Afurika y'Epfo no ku isi yose, bigire uruhare rwiza mu kugera ku ntego z'iterambere rirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-20-2025